哪位可以帮忙介绍下英语中前缀或后缀的意义吗？
发布网友
发布时间：2022-04-20 07:06
共2个回答
热心网友
时间：2023-10-06 15:06
一、常见英语前缀
1、a- 在……之上‖aboard prep. 在（船、飞机、车）上
2、ab-, abs- 离开，偏离‖abnormal a. 反常的
3、anti- 先‖anticipate vt. 预期
4、ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-表加强意 ‖accuse vt. 指控
5、bene- 好‖beneficial a. 有益的
6、bio- 生命‖biology n. 生物学
7、cata- 向下‖catalog(ue) n. 目录
8、col-, com-, con-, co-, cor- 共同，一起 ‖combat n. 战斗
9、contra- 相反‖contrast v. 对比，对照
10、de- 离；加强词意‖depart vi. 离开；背离
11、di-, dif-, dis- 分开 ‖discard vt. 丢弃
12、dia- 穿过‖diameter n. 直径
13、e-, ef-, ex- 出，出来‖export v. 出口
14、em-, en- 在……之中；使……‖enclose vt. 围住
15、fore- 前‖forehead n. 前额
16、i-, il-, im-, in- 不 ‖indifferent a. 不关心的
17、im-, il- 在……上‖impose vt. 把……强加于
18、in- 进入；向……‖indicate vt. 表明，示意
19、inter- 在……之间‖interfere vi. 干涉
20、micro-, mini- 小 ‖microwave n. 微波
21、multi- 许多‖multiple a. 复合的，多重的
22、non- 不‖nonsense n. 废话
23、ob-, op- 相反‖oppose vt. 反对
24、out- 向外，出来‖outlet n. 出口
25、over- 越过‖overlook vt. 忽视
26、per- 穿过‖perspective n. 视角
27、pre- 在…之前‖pregnant a. 怀孕的
28、pro- 向前‖promote vt. 促进
29、re- 向后；再次‖recall vt. 回忆起
30、semi- 半‖semiconctor n. 半导体
31、sub- 在……下‖subway n. 地铁
32、super- 在……之上，超级的 ‖superior a. 优于……的
33、trans- 横过，越过‖transplant vt. 移栽
34、tri- 三‖triangle n. 三角
35、un- 不‖uncover vt. 揭露
36、under- 在……下面，低于……‖underline vt. 在……下面划线
37、uni- 一个‖unique a. 唯一的，独特的
二、常见英语后缀
1、动词后缀：-ate,-en, -(i)fy, -ish, -ize/ise
2、副词后缀：-ly,-ward(s), -way(s)
3、形容词后缀：-able/ible,-al/ial,-full, -ic, -ish, -ive, -ly
4、表示“人”的名词后缀：-ist,-man, -er/or, -ee, -ant
5、表示“小”的名词后缀：-el,-let, -(c)ule
6、抽象名词后缀：-ion,-hood, -ic(s), -ism, -ship, -ty
扩展资料
一个英语单词可以分为三个部分：前缀（prefix），词根（stem）及后缀（suffix）。单词中位于词根前面的部分就是前缀。前缀，可以改变单词的意思。
参考资料：词根、前缀、后缀、英语词根-百度百科
热心网友
时间：2023-10-06 15:07
1、常用前缀
aero-：concerning the air of aircraft
plane—aeroplane
space—aerospace
anti-：against；opposite of
nuclear—antinuclear
matter—antimatter
war—antiwar
auto-：of or by oneself
biography—autobiography
criticism—autocriticism
be-：to treat as the stated thing
friend—befriend
little—belittle
bi-：two；twice；double
lingual—bilingual
cycle—bicycle
bio-：concerning living things
chemistry—biochemistry
sphere—biosphere
by-，bye-：less important
proce—by-proce
way—byway
centi-：hundredth part
grade—centigrade
meter—centimeter
co-：together，with
author—coauthor
exist—coexist
col-：( used before l ) together，with
location—collocation
com-：( used before b，m，p ) together，with
passion—compassion
con-：together，with
centric—concentric
federation—confederation
contra-：opposite
diction—contradiction
natural—contranatural
cor-：( used before r ) together，with
relate—correlate
respond—correspond
counter-：opposite
act—counteract
attack—counterattack
cross-：across；going between the stated things and joining them
country—crosscountry
breed—crossbreed
de-：showing an opposite；to remove；to rece
code—decode
value—devalue
dis-：not；the opposite of
advantage—disadvantage
agree—disagree
honest—dishonest
em-：( used before b，m，p ) to cause to become
body—embody
power—empower
en-：to cause to become；to make
danger—endanger
large—enlarge
ex-：former ( and still living )
minister—ex-minister
wife—ex-wife
extra-：outside；beyond
curricular—extracurricular
ordinary—extraordinary
fore-：in advance，before；in or at the front
arm—forearm
warn—forewarn
il-：( used before l ) not
legal—illegal
literate—illiterate
im-：( used before b，m，p ) not
moral—immoral
possible—impossible
in-：not
direct—indirect
sensitive—insensitive
infra-：below in a range；beyond
red—infrared
structure——infrastructure
inter-：between；among
change——interchange
national——international
intra-：inside，within；into
city——intracity
department——intra-department
ir-：（used before r）not
regular——irregular
responsible——irresponsible
kilo-：thousand
gram——kilogram
meter——kilometer
macro-：large，esp. concerning a whole system rather than
particular parts of
economics——macroeconomics
structure——macrostructure
mal-：bad or badly
function——malfunction
treat——maltreat
micro-：extremely small
computer——microcomputer
electronics——microelectronics
mid-：middle
day——midday
night——midnight
mini-：small；short
bus——minibus
skirt——miniskirt
mis-：bad or badly；wrong or wrongly
fortune——misfortune
understand——misunderstand
mono-：one；single
plane——monoplane
tone——monotone
multi-：more than one；many
purpose——multipurpose
national——multinational
non-：not
resident——non(-)resident
sense——nonsense
out-：outside；beyond
live——outlive
door——outdoor
over-：too much；above；additional
head——overhead
time——overtime
poly-：many
centric——polycentric
syllabic——polysyllabic
post-：later than；after
graate——postgraate
war——postwar
pre-：before；in advance
pay——prepay
war——prewar
pro-：in favor of，supporting
America——pro-America
abortion——pro-abortion
pseudo-：not real；false
name——pseudonym
science——pseudoscience
re-：again；back to the former state
unite——reunite
use——reuse
self-：by means of oneself or itself；of，to，with，for，or in
oneself or itself
employed——self-employed
taught——self-taught
semi-：half；partly
circle——semicircle
final——semifinal
step-：not by birth but through a parent who has remarried
mother——stepmother
children——stepchildren
sub-：under，below；less important；part of the stated bigger
whole
divide——subdivide
section——subsection
super-：more，larger，greater than usual
market——supermarket
natural——supernatural
tele-：at or over a long distance；by or for television
communication——telecommunication
screen——telescreen
therm(o)-：concerning heat
chemistry——thermochemistry
meter——thermometer
trans-: across, on or to the other side of ; between
Atlantic—transatlantic
plant—transplant
tri-: three; three times
angular—triangular
cycle—tricycle
ultra-: beyond; very, extremely
modern—ultramodern
sound—ultrasound
un-: not
certain—uncertain
fortunate—unfortunate
under-: too little; below
develop—underdevelop
sea—undersea
uni-: one, singer
form—uniform
directional—unidirectional
vice-: next in the rank; below
chairman—vice-chairman
president—vice-president
2.常用后缀
（1）名词后缀
-ability，-ibility
able—ability
flexible—flexibility
-age
post—postage
short—shortage
-al
arrive—arrival
refuse—refusal
-an，-ian，-arian
library—librarian
music—musician
-ance，-ence
appear—appearance
refer—reference
-ancy，-ency
emerge—emergency
expect—expectancy
-ant，-ent
apply—applicant
correspond—correspondent
-cy
accurate—accuratcy
private—privacy
-dom
king—kingdom
free—freedom
-ee
employ—employee
interview—interviewee
-er，-or，-ar
paint—painter
beg—beggar
-ery
brave—bravery
slave—slavery
-ese
China—Chinaese
Japan—Japanese
-ess
actor—actress
waiter—waitress
-ful
hand—handful
spoon—spoonful
-hood
child—childhood
man—manhood
-ics
electron—electronics
linguist—linguistics
-ion，-ition，-ation
collect—collection
observe—observation
-ism
Marx—Marxism
socialist—socialism
-ist
psychiatry—psychiatrist
violin—violinist
-ity，-ty
cruel—cruelty
pure—purity
-ment
move—movement
retire——retirement
-ness
dark——darkness
happy——happiness
-ology
climate——climatology
future——futurology
-ship
friend——friendship
scholar——scholarship
-sion，-ssion
decide——decision
expand——expansion
-th
grow——growth
wide——width
-ure
close——closure
expose——exposure
(2)动词前缀
-en
deep——deepen
fast——fasten
-ify
class——classify
simple——simplify
-ize，-ise
modern——modernize / modernize
popular——popularize / popularize
(3)形容词后缀
-able，-ible
suit——suitable
question——questionable
-al
nature——natural
structure——structural
-an，-arian，-ian
suburb——suburban
Canada——Canadian
-ant，-ent
differ——different
please——pleasant
-ary，-ory
advise——advisory
custom——customary
-ate
consider——considerate
fortune——fortunate
-en
gold——golden
wood——wooden
-ese
China——Chinese
Japan——Japanese
-free
care——carefree
ty——ty-free
-ful
care——careful
pain——painful
-ic，-ical
atom——atomic
psychology——psychological
-ish
girl——girlish
child——childish
-ive
create——creative
support——supportive
-less
hope——hopeless
pain——painless
-like
child——childlike
lady——ladylike
-ly
man——manly
month——monthly
-ous，-ious
danger——dangerous
poison——poisonous
-some
tire——tiresome
trouble——troublesome
-ward
down——downward
up——upward
-y
guilt-guilty
noise-noisy
(4)副词后缀
-ly
easy-easily
heavy-heavily
-ward，-wards
east-eastward(s)
north-northward(s)
-wise
clock-clockwise
other-otherwise
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参考资料：http://www.mehome.net/ReadNews.asp?NewsID=2127
