急救，明天要交，论文开头翻译（我所有的分都给你）

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热心网友 时间：2023-09-10 10:29

[摘要] 商务英语传达商务理论和实务等信息，其词汇专业性极强，语体规范正式，语句简洁明快，多社交性套语。商务英语翻译应遵守“忠实、准确、统一”三原则，商务活动参与者应具备较强跨文化意识，尽量做到文化信息对等。 [关键词]商务英语专业 知识 文化 意识 翻译一、引言二、商务英语的特点三、商务英语的翻译商务英语是我国涉外经济活动中的主要交际语言，商务英语翻译在这一活动中起桥梁作用，翻译质量倍受关注。商务英语是专门用途英语的一个分支，与普通英语没有本质区别， 但商务英语又具有其特定的“ 商务” 特色。商务英语涉及到营销学、经济学、金融学、会计学和管理学等许多边缘学科知识，商务活动涉及到对外贸易、技术引进、招商引资、商务谈判、贸易合同、国际支付与结算与涉外保险等范围，因此有必要研究商务英语本身的特点及其翻译，从而能够在各个领域准确规范运用。作为专门用途英语的商务英语具有与普通英语不同的特点，有其独特的特点。在使用上有其显著特色，主要表现在文体、语言和文化意识方面。（一）商务英语文体风格商务文体是随着商品生产及贸易的发展而形成的一种文体形式。商务英语文体不以语言的艺术美为其追求的目标，而是讲求逻辑的清晰和条理性、思维的准确严密以及结构的严谨性。风格朴实，明白易懂。商务信函一般风格朴实，明白易懂，淡于修饰，很少使用比喻、拟人、夸张等修辞手段，目的是提高实效性。商务英语避免使用陈旧笼统的商业术语或套语，而用简明的现代英语来表达。如不说“We are in receipt of⋯”，而用“We have received⋯ ” ； 不说“ Express myheartfelt gratitude to you for⋯ ” ，而用“Thank you for⋯”。商务英语在陈述事物往往具体、明确，绝不含糊其辞。如商务英语不说“We wish to confirm our telex dispatched yesterday。” 而要说“ We confirm our telex of July 2nd，2000。”因为前者笼统含糊，后者清晰明了。语句简洁明快，逻辑严密简洁明快主要表现在商务信函中多使用简洁句、简短并列句和简短复合句。例如： We are delighted to receive your letter of November 18 asking whether we can supply you with Art. No. 6120。（很高兴收到你方11月28日来函询问我方可否供应6120货号产品）。商务英语的逻辑严密性主要体现在商务合同等法律文件多用长句、复合句、并列复合句等法律公文常用句式以及分隔现象、介词（短语）、插入语、倒装句、被动语态（ 过去分词） 等特殊句型。例如： If Egyptian buyers insist on concluding business direct with Party A，Party A may conclude business with such Egyptian buyers who come to visit China or attend the Chinese Export Commodity Fair at prices not lower than those quoted toParty B.(如果埃及客户坚持要与甲方成交，甲方也可和他们直接达成交易，但交易对象仅限于来访中国或参加中国商品交易会的客户，并且价格不能低于报给乙方的报价。)措辞礼貌，礼貌是国际商务英语应用文中非常重要的语言特点。汉语的商务用语有时缺少必要的客气，常见的礼貌用语往往只是一个“ 请” 字。商务英语则比较讲究客套，随处可见礼貌的客套。例如，汉语中仅有的一个请字，商务英语中要用“We wouldappreciate”“It would be appreciated”，“We would be glad to⋯”之类的结构来表达。因此汉英翻译时切忌照原文字面硬译，添加常用礼貌客套结构，注意措辞婉转。问题补充：（二）商务英语语言特点 1．专业性商务英语涉及商务理论和商务实践等方面，其语言具有极强的专业性。商务英语的词汇都是缩略词汇，其中包含大量专业术语，具有商务含义的普通词或复合词，以及缩略词等。如B/L（bill of lading）提单，Exp.&Imp.Inc（ export-import incorporated）进出口公司，forex：（foreign exchange）外汇，workfare（work welfare）工作福利制， blue chip绩优股，a firm offer实盘等等。不具有一定的专业知识是根本无法了解这些专业的商务英语词汇的内涵的。 2．书卷词语的使用商务文体措辞严谨精确、正式和不带个人感*彩。为此，商务英语常用拉丁语派生词取代同义的一般英语词汇，这就是常说的书卷用词(literary words或learnedwords)，即所谓的“大词”。（1）冷僻用词代替日常用词 Everything concurred to jack up theprice in the international market.(用concur代替come together) （2）大量使用古词语商务文体中，古词语时而再现，以体现其庄重严肃的文体风格。经常使用的古词语多为一些复合副词， 如： hereby （by this）； whereat（at/to which place）。
[Abstract]

Business English Business Communication Theory and Practice and other information, and its highly specialized vocabulary, stylistic norms of formal, concise statement crisp, sociability many sets of words. Business English Translation shall be subject to "true, accurate, and unified the" three principles, business participants should have a strong cross-cultural awareness, as far as possible on a reciprocal cultural information.
[Key words] business expertise and cultural awareness in English Translation
1 Introction
Second, the characteristics of three Business English, Business English, Business English Translation of foreign-related economic activities in China are the main communication language, Business English Translation at the event played the role of a bridge, the quality of translation has drawn greater attention. Business English is English for Specific Purposes a branch, and there is no essential difference between General English, business English but also has its particular "commercial" characteristics. Business English involves the study of marketing, economics, finance, accounting and management study and so much study the edge of subject knowledge, business activities related to foreign trade, introction of technology, investment, business negotiations, trade contracts, international payments and settlement with the foreign insurance such as the scope, it is necessary to study the characteristics of their business English and its translation in various fields in order to be able to standardize the use of accurate.
As English for Specific Purposes Business English General English with different characteristics, has its own unique characteristics. There is up in the use of its significant characteristics, reflected primarily in the style, language and cultural awareness.
(1) Business English style
Business style, with commodity proction and trade development in the form of a style. Business English is not the style of language the United States for its pursuit of artistic goals, but emphasizes the logic of the article clear and rational thinking as well as the exact structure of tight rigor. Style simple, readily understandable language. General style of business letters and simple, clear, light in the modification, rarely used metaphor, personification, exaggeration, such as rhetorical devices, aims to improve the effectiveness. Business English to avoid the use of outdated general commercial terms or sets of words, and use simple English to express the modern. If we do not say "We are in receipt of ⋯", using "We have received ⋯"; not say "Express myheartfelt gratitude to you for ⋯", and with "Thank you for ⋯". Business English in the statement of things are often specific, clear, in no way ambiguous. Such as Business English did not say "We wish to confirm our telex dispatched yesterday." And say "We confirm our telex of July 2nd, 2000." Because the former general and vague, which is clear. Statements simple, concise tight crisp logic mainly manifested in the use of business letters in many simple sentence, a short brief并列句and complex sentences. For example: We are delighted to receive your letter of November 18 asking whether we can supply you with Art. No. 6120.
(Very pleased to receive your letter dated November 28 asked whether the supply of our 6120 Proct Code). Business English logic tightness is mainly embodied in legal documents such as business contracts with many long sentence, compound sentence, complex sentences, such as parallel legal documents commonly used sentence patterns, as well as segregation of the two prepositions (Phrases), parentheses, inverted sentence, the passive voice ( past participle) and other special patterns. For example: If Egyptian buyers insist on concluding business direct with Party A, Party A may conclude business with such Egyptian buyers who come to visit China or attend the Chinese Export Commodity Fair
at prices not lower than those quoted toParty B. (if Egypt insisted on customer transactions with Party A, Party A can also deal with them directly, but trading was limited to visiting China or Chinese take part in the merchandise trade customers, and prices should not lower than reported to the party B's quotation.) the wording of courtesy, politeness is an international Business English Writing a very important feature of language. Chinese business language sometimes lack the necessary polite, common terminology is often just a polite "Please" is used. Business English is more about courtesy, polite courtesy can be seen everywhere. For example, Chinese, only a requested character in Business English to use "We wouldappreciate" "It would be appreciated", "We would be glad to ⋯" like structure to express. Chinese-English translation is therefore avoid hardware according to the literal translation of the original text, add the common courtesy courtesy structure, attention mildly worded.
Supplementary question: (b) Business English linguistic characteristics
1. Professional
Business English related to business theory and business practices, etc., their language is extremely professional. Business English vocabulary words are abbreviated, which contains a large number of professional jargon, with the ordinary meaning of the word commercial, or compound words and abbreviations such as. Such as B / L (bill of lading) the bill of lading, Exp. & Imp.Inc (export-import incorporated) import and export companies, forex: (foreign exchange) Currency, workfare (work welfare) system of job benefits, blue chip blue chip stocks, a firm offer firm and so on. Do not have the expertise must not know these are professional business English vocabulary connotation.
2. Use of the phrase books
Precise wording of strict business style, formal and non-personal emotional. To this end, the Business English Latin derivatives commonly used synonyms to replace the general English vocabulary, which is often said that the wording of books (literary words or learnedwords), the so-called "big words."
(1) unfamiliar terminology in place of daily usage
Everything concurred to jack up theprice in the international market. (With concur replace come together)
(2) substantial use of the ancient words
Business style, the ancient words from time to time again to reflect its solemn serious style. Frequently used by many ancient term for a number of compound adverbs, such as: hereby (by this); whereat (at / to which place).

热心网友 时间：2023-09-10 10:30

Business English convey business theory and practice, the information such as the professional vocabulary, sentence, regulating formal style is concise and lively, many social sets. Business English translation should abide by "loyalty, accurate, unified" three principles, and business activities participants should have strong cross-cultural awareness, as cultural information.
[key] business English specialty knowledge culture consciousness
A, introction
Second, business English, business English, the characteristics of the translation of foreign business English is the main economic activities, business English communicative language translation in the activity of the bridge, people pay more attention to the quality of translation. Business English is special use English, with a branch of common English no essential difference, but the business English has its special characteristic of "business". English business involves marketing, economics, finance, accounting and management discipline knowledge, many business activities involving foreign trade, technology import and investment, business negotiation, contract, international trade payment and settlement and foreign insurance limits, so it is necessary to study the characteristics of business English and translation, which can accurately regulate use in various fields.
As a special use English business English has different from common English characteristics, has its own characteristics. In its remarkable characteristics in use, mainly displays in style, language and cultural awareness.
(a) business English style
Business style is as commodity proction and trade development and formation of a style. Business English style in the artistic language for the pursuit of the goal, but with the logic thinking, clear and accurate rigorous organization and structure of preciseness. Simple style, accessible. Business letters, general and simple style accessible, light, seldom use norg metaphor, personification, exaggerated rhetorical devices, the purpose of which is to improve the effectiveness. Business English avoid using general commercial terms or obsolete, and use the east-west modern English to express. If say "field in return, and use of..." We are sorry. ";" Don't say "myheartfelt Express gratitude to..." and for "yes." for. In the statement of business English, often, something no ambiguity. As business English say "We confirm to carry from dispatched yesterday." telex And say, "We confirm July 2nd, telex of success." Because the former general vague, the latter clarity. Statement concise and lively, tight logic is concise and lively mainly displays in business letters in use for short sentences, concise and short. Example: the field of delighted to receive November 18 asking whether of your paintings Art. (6120 100pct pieces.
(are very pleased to receive your letter of November 28, we can supply 6120 ask each proct). Business English logical mainly embodies in business contract, and other legal documents use long sentences, compound sentences juxtaposed, compound sentence patterns and legal document commonly separated phenomena and prepositional phrases), insert language (and strue-ture, passive (the past participle) and special patterns. Example: If A soul insist on Egyptian paintings as A concluding, Party A Party may conclude such A soul? Come to Egyptian who are the Chinese version (China Export Commodity Fair
At those increases are still not quoted toParty B (if customer insist on Egypt with party a, party a can clinch a deal directly with them, but only to visit China or trade in China's commodities fair price cannot customers, and to offer than B). Politeness is polite phrase, international business English application in very important language features. The Chinese language is sometimes necessary business of polite, common courtesy often just a "please". Business English is more exquisite polite, everywhere manners polite. For example, in the Chinese characters, the only one in business English, please use "ship" It wouldappreciate wherever ", "We would like your boss..." the structure to express. So when the original chinese-english translation as literal translation means, add common courtesy, polite phrase structure tactfully.
Problem: (2) added business English language features
1 professional
Business English, business and business practices involving the aspects of language, strong professional. Business English vocabulary is short of vocabulary, including professional terms, commercial meaning of ordinary word or compound, and acronym, etc. As B/L (bill of lading) bill of lading, Exp. & export (Imp) Inc import &export company import - either), foreign exchange (forex) affiliating workfare (welfare) of webmaster, blue, blue chip FuLiZhi work, a firm referred to a firm offer, etc. Don't have professional knowledge is not understand these professional business English vocabulary connotation.
2 the words used. Scroll
An exact wording style business, formal and without personal emotional. Therefore, business English common Latin PaShengCi replace synonymous general English vocabulary, it is often said that scroll words (by keeping heart or learnedwords), the so-called "big words".
(1) little-used words instead of daily language
Back to jack up theprice concurred in (up) with concur instead of coming
(2) use the words
Business style, the ancient words and reappear, in order to reflect its solemn style. The ancient words more often used for some compound adverb, such as: hereby (by memories), Whereat (to a) which /.

热心网友 时间：2023-09-10 10:30

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