Self reliance 的文学评论,最好是英文版的,谢谢了

发布网友 发布时间：2022-04-30 00:56

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热心网友 时间：2022-06-27 15:26

Ralph Waldo Emerson was a major American poet, philosopher and center of the American Transcendental movement. The idea he expressed in his great work SELF-RELIANCE played an integral role in establishing the American spirit of indivialism. Also in Chinese Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius, the Confucianism philosopher, intended to influence people’s attitude and lives with his thoughts--- Confucianism, which at some extent have a connection with Transcendentalism.
拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生是美国著名诗人，哲学家以及美国超验主义运动的领导人物。他在他的著作《论自立》中表达的思想是塑造美国人个性的重要组成部分。同时在中国春秋战国时期，孔子，这位伟大的儒家哲学者，希望通过他的思想即儒家思想来影响人民的生活及态度。而儒学思想在一定程度上与超验主义有着密切的联系。

First, both emphasized the importance of human beings. Emerson believed “the world is noting, the man is all.” He regarded men as the main part of society, thus the innovation of society called for human beings’ self-improvement and self-reliance. So did confucians. In their opinions, men were equal. The ruler should be benevolent and righteous towards the masses. The essence of transcendentalism was indivialism, which meant one must establish a central system which break of the of God. In china, there was no God, confucians thus held that men ought to be ruled by men. In this way, the society may be developed. Emerson once said: “we will walk on our own feet, we will work with our own hands; we will speak our own minds…. Confucians asserted the identity of human nature, and they thought; “all men are born identical but the circumstance makes them different”. In this aspect, Emerson and confucians were fabulous identical.
首先，两者都强调人的重要性。爱默生相信“世界是空洞的，人才是一切。”他认为人是社会的重要组成部分，因此社会的改革需要人自我的提高和自我依靠。儒家学者亦是如此。在他们看来，人是平等的。统治阶级应该对子明仁慈友善。超验主义的核心是个人主义这就意味着人应该形成个人体系，打破上帝体系。在中国，没有上帝一说，因此儒家学者认为应该实行“人治”。这样，社会才会发展。爱默生曾经说过：“我们应该用自己的脚走路；我们要用自己的手工作；我们要说出自己的理想……而儒家学者也看重人自然的等同性。他们认为所有的人都是等同的，只是周遭的环境有差异。在这一方面，爱默生和儒家学者惊人的相似。
Second, these two thoughts all advocated people emancipate their minds. “The scholar is that man who must take up into himself all the ability of the time, all the contributions of the past, all the hopes of the future. He must be a university of knowledge.” Emerson hoped all American scholars do not imitate European culture but form their own ideas. He believed himself inspired by the Divine Soul which also inspired all men, that was to mean, men can improve themselves by communicating with Divine Soul.; He believed “it is for you to know all; it is for you to dare all.” And confucians advocated equality between teachers and students and encourage students to form opinion of their own. Obviously, these ideas had a great influence on beings’ ecation.
第二，两个观点都号召人们解放思想。爱默生希望美国学者不要盲目模仿欧洲文化，而应形成自我的观点。儒家学者也提倡师生平等，学生应该有自我主见。二者都对当时教育问题做出贡献。

Third, they had the similar views on the material lives. Confucians advocated moderation; they maintained that there was no necessary to chase luxury, and moral fidelity should be promoted. Emerson upheld spirit; he believed in miracle, in the perpetual openness of the human mind to new influx of light and power; in stead of pursuing material wealth, men needed depend on themselves to enrich their minds.
最后，两个观点对物质生活都有相同看法。儒学重“中庸”，人不必追求奢华生活。爱默生相信“超灵”，与其追求无谓的物质生活倒不如去依靠自己丰富精神生活。
On the whole, both transcendentalism and confucianism attached great importance on each country. Transcendentalism pushed the American literature into a flourishing period; confucianism had dominated a feudal society that in essence lasted 2,000 years, and for that reason its influence over history, social structure and the people of China cannot be overlooked.
总之，不管是超验主义还是儒学思想都对当时各自国家产生了深远影响。超验主义繁荣了美国文学，儒学思想则在中国封建社会乃至现今都占据不可超越的地位。

热心网友 时间：2022-06-27 15:26

你好

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部分内容："Ne te quaesiveris extra."

"Man is his own star; and the soul that can
Render an honest and a perfect man,
Commands all light, all influence, all fate;
Nothing to him falls early or too late.
Our acts our angels are, or good or ill,
Our fatal shadows that walk by us still."
Epilogue to Beaumont and Fletcher's Honest Man's Fortune

Cast the bantling on the rocks,
Suckle him with the she-wolf's teat;
Wintered with the hawk and fox,
Power and speed be hands and feet.

ESSAY II Self-Reliance

I read the other day some verses written by an eminent painter which were original and not conventional. The soul always hears an admonition in such lines, let the subject be what it may. The sentiment they instil is of more value than any thought they may contain. To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men, ?that is genius. Speak your latent conviction, and it shall be the universal sense; for the inmost in e time becomes the outmost, and our first thought is rendered back to us by the trumpets of the Last Judgment. Familiar as the voice of the mind is to each, the highest merit we ascribe to Moses, Plato, and Milton is, that they set at naught books and traditions, and spoke not what men but what they thought. A man should learn to detect and watch that gleam of light which flashes across his mind from within, more than the lustre of the firmament of bards and sages. Yet he dismisses without notice his thought, because it is his. In every work of genius we recognize our own rejected thoughts: they come back to us with a certain alienated majesty. Great works of art have no more affecting lesson for us than this. They teach us to abide by our spontaneous impression with good-humored inflexibility then most when the whole cry of voices is on the other side. Else, to-morrow a stranger will say with masterly good sense precisely what we have thought and felt all the time, and we shall be forced to take with shame our own opinion from another.