发布网友 发布时间:2022-08-25 09:17
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热心网友 时间:2023-08-31 15:05
英语字母组合的发音规律
导语:英语字母与字母之间组合在一起的发音不是简单的连读,下面我分享英语字母组合的发音规律,欢迎参考!
1)以发音的元音字母结尾的单节。 例:be,he。
2)以辅音字母(r 除外)+不发音的e结尾的音节。 例:make,like。
* 在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。
以一个或几个辅音字母(r 除外)结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节,
称为闭音节。例:map,desk,is。
*在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。
字母a,e,i,o,u 在重读音节中的读法
字母 名称 位置 读音 举例
a /ei/
开音节/ei/ name,take
闭音节/æ / map,bag
e/i:/
开音节/i:/ be,he
闭音节/e/ egg,best
i/ai/
开音节/ai/ like,kite
闭音节/i/ bit,fit
o/ou/
开音节/Eu/ note,no
闭音节// dog,lot
u/ju:/
开音节/ju:/ mute,use
闭音节// bus,cut
元音字母 读 音 例 词
a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake
在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back
e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中 fish big drink sit milk swim
o 在开音节中 [Eu] those close go hoe home no
在闭音节中 [E] clock not box shop sock
u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse ty Tuesday,但u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super。但u在闭音节中 [∧] bus cup jump much lunch
元音字母读音例词
a在[w]音后面 [C] want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high
o在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前 [∧] come monkey love mother
元音字母读音例词
a [E] China another woman breakfast
[i ] orange comrade village cabbage
e [E] hundred student open weekend
[i ] chicken pocket begin children
i [E]/[i] holiday beautiful family animal
[ai] exercise satellite
o [E] second tonight somebody welcome
[Eu] also zero photo
u [E] autumn difficult
[ju(:)] popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:) ]音,例如:July influence February issue
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的'元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音,也可以读作音。
1、在重读音节中的读音元音字母组合读音例词
⑴、ar 一般发音
[α:] car farm dark sharpener
在[w]音后面 [c:] warm quarter towards
⑵、or 一般发音
[c:] forty morning short
在[w]音后面[E:] word worker worse
⑶、er ir ur
[E:] certainly bird Thursday
⑷、辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry sorry hurry
2、在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
1、在重读音节中的读音
are [εE] care dare hare
ere [iE] here mere
ire [aiE] fire hire wire
ore [c:] more score before
ure [juE] pure cure
2、在非重读音节中are ere ire ore很少出现,ure在非重读音节中读[E]音。
例如:picture pleasure
3、重读元音字母+r+非重读元音字母组时,重读元音字母应按a(e,i,o,u)re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音。例如:parent zero story ring inspiring
4、某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange very American paragraph
元音字母组合读音例词
ai/ay [ei] rain wait day play
air [εE] air hair chair pair repair
al 在f,m,s前后
[c:] small ball talk wall all
[ c: l ] always also salt almost
[α:] half calm
au/aw [c:] autumn daughter draw
ea的发音
[i:] teach easy cheap please
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great
ear
[iE] hear dear near clear year
[εE] bear pear wear swear
[E:] earth learn early
ee [i:] jeep week green three
eer[iE] pioneer deer beer
ei/ey
[ei] eight neighbour they
[i:] either key
eu/ew在j l r s后
[ju:] new few newspaper
[u:] flew brew jewelry
ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive
oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor roar board door floor
oi/oy noise point boy toilet
oo
1.重读音节词尾的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。如:too(太;也),zoo(动物园),
2.在辅音字母f, l, m, n, p,s,t前的字母组合oo也发音素[u:]的音。如:roof(屋顶),school(学校),room(房间),soon(不久),loop(圈,环),goose(鹅)boot(靴子),tooth(牙齿)等.有二个特例词要特别注意,它就是:wool[u](羊毛);:foot[u](脚);
3.字母组合oo在字母d和k前发音素[u]的音。如:good(好),book(书),look(看),特例词:food[u:](食物);
4.在复合词的非重读音节中的字母组合oo发音素[u]的音。如:bedroom(卧室),classroom(教室)等;
5.在字母l和d之间的字母组合oo发音素[∧]的音。如:blood(血),flood(洪水)等.
6.后接r时字母组合oo发音素 door,floor
ou/ow
[au] flower house count down
[ou] know row throw though
[∧] young country enough
[u:] group you soup
our
course your four
[auE] our hour ours
[E:] journey
ui在j l r s后
[ju:i] fluid suicide tuition
[u ] juice fruit suit
元音字母组合或字群读音例词
ai/ay , ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey
ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音。
例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion [Fn] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion
-tion在s后 [t∫En] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle
-sure [VE] pleasure measure
-ture [t∫E] picture culture
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字母组合仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如: everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[C:]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如: sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday 假日 break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜
九、辅音字母组合的读音
辅音字母组合 读 音 例 词
b [b] bike bus bag
[/] bomb tomb
c
(1)后跟元音字母a,o,u时,字母c发[k],例如:cat,come,cut,cake picture coat music;后跟e,i,y时,字母c发[s],例如:nice,decide,Lucy,face decide cinema。
(2)后跟辅音字母k,r,s,t,以及位于单词最后时,字母c发[k],例如:black,crossing,politics,dictate,picnic。
(3)单词中有双写字母c,后跟元音字母e或i时第一个c发[k],第二个c发[s],例如:successful,accident;后跟其它元音字母或字母组合时,两个c合发一个[k],例如:account。
(4)后跟字母组合ei,er,ie或与词尾的字母e组合时,c发[s],例如:receive,certainly,society;后跟字母组合ia时,c发[∫],例如:especially。
ch
一般读作 [t∫] much chick rich teacher
[k] chemist(化学家),chem-istry(化学),chemical(化学的),Christmas(圣诞节), headache(头痛),school(学校)等6个单词中读[k]
[∫] machine
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread hand day
-dge [dV] bridge fridge
dr- [dr] children driver drink
f [f] five four breakfast
g在e i/y前 [g] bag garden go
[dV] orange large German
gh字母组合的读音在英语课本中归纳起来主要有“发音”和“不发音”两种情况。
一、gh在下列三种情况下发音
1.gh在词首时,读作/g/。例:ghost/geust/
2.词首为字母1,且后跟字母组合augh时,gh读作/f/。例:laugh/la:f/,laughter/'la:fə/,cough ,enough
3.词尾为字母组合ough时,gh读作/f/。例:enough /i'nʌf/,cough/kʌf/,rough/rʌf/,tough/tʌf/
二、gh在下列五种情况下不发音
1.gh 在元音字母i后不发音。例:bright/brait/,fight/fait/,frighten/'fraitn/,high/hai/,light/lait/,might/mait/,night/nait/,right/rait/,sight/sait/,slight/slait/
2.gh在元音字母组合ei和ai后不发音。例:eight/eit/,eighth/eitθ/,neighbor/'neibə/,straight/streit/,weigh/wei/,weight/weit/
3.gh在字母组合ought中不发音。例:bought/bɔ:t/,brought/brɔ:t/,fought/fɔ:t/,thought/θɔ:t/
4.字母组合augh前面不是1时,gh不发音。caught/kɔ:t/,daughter/'dɔ:tƏ/,naught/nɔ:t/,naughty/'nɔ:ti/,taught/tɔ:t/
5.词尾为ough的词,如以上所述,有的发/f/,但有时也不发音。例:although/ɔ:l'ðɔ/,plough/plau/,through/θru:/,though/ðɔu/,thorough/'θɔrf/
注意:若gh不是字母组合,而是分属于前后两个不同的音节时,不适合以上规则。例:dininghall/'dainihɔ:l/
gu-
-guegu在非重读音节中 [g] guess league dialogue
[gw] language anguish
h
[h] hot head house hand
[/] hour honest
j [dV] jeep jar joke join July
k [k] kind bike skate make week
kn- [n] knife know knock
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m] monkey come autumn
-mn [m] autumn column solemn
n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note
[N] uncle thank hungry
-ng [N] morning young wrong
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen
ph [f] elephant photo telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality quite
r [r] red rubber ruler
s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk
[z] music husband
sc- [sk] scarlet
[s] muscle science
sh [∫] she fish shirt wash
t [t] ten letter meet
在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前 [∫] patient nation
tch [t∫] watch
th有清与浊两种读音:
1 当位于词首时,可以从词性上判别其应有的读音。请看:
第一类:在以下 4种 词类 th 读 清音,即国际音标的 θ :
a. Noun 名词:thing, theatre, thumb大拇指, thunder雷,thermos热水瓶, Thursday, theory, theme, throat喉咙, thread线
b. Verb 动词:think, thank, throw, thrive, thicken,
c.Numeral 数词:three, thirteen, thirty, third, thousand
d.Adjective 形容词:thin, thick, thirsty, thoughtful, thorough彻底的
第二类:在以下 两种 词类 th 读 浊音:
a. Pronoun 代词:they, them, their, theirs, this, these,that, those, there
b. Functional terms 功能词:the, than, then, though, thus,therefore
2 当位于词尾(或音节之尾)时,其读音多数是清音,如:bath, breath, both, cloth, tooth, health, wealth, arithmetic 等。只有在少数单词中,如:with, smooth 中读浊音。
3 当位于两个元音之间时,其读音多数是浊音。如:other, mother, brother, another, father, weather, feather, leather, further, breathe。 但是,也有读清音的,如在单词 method, nothing, anything, sympathy, sympathetic, mathematics, healthy, wealthy, Luther, Marathon(马拉松)等。
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