关于高中英语句子成分的问题
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发布时间:2022-04-22 22:19
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热心网友
时间:2023-08-24 21:50
嗷嗷嗷
热心网友
时间:2023-08-24 21:50
一下子是说不完的!建议你买一本【21世纪语法书】,超棒!你一生都可以用,不贵,也不厚!!!
热心网友
时间:2023-08-24 21:51
e.g. A bird in the hand is worth than two in the bush.
一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。
比如说你分析这个句子a bird in the hand在此就是做整个句子的主语,而is worth分别是系表,至于其余的是作为状语和前面进行比较
再例如A friend is never known till a man has need.
需要之时方知友。
A friend is never known 主系表齐全,而后面till a man has need是作为时间状语,而在这个时间状语中,又有后置定语成分has need修饰a man
如果满意就选为最佳答案吧,我一字一字打上去的 谢谢
热心网友
时间:2023-08-24 21:51
句子成分详解
句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分,通俗点讲就是每个句子都是由一个个词组合在一起构成,每个词在句子中所占的位置相对固定,这些固定的位置即为句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分,主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(一)主要成分:
主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句) (在中考里较少出现)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语:
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,感官动词及表示改变的动词之后,如 become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:
Our English teacher is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)
Time is up. The class is over.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面(英语按动词是否可以直接跟宾语,把动词分为可以直接接宾语的及物动词,和需要添加介词才可以接宾语的不及物动词)。例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(其中物为直接宾语,人为间接宾语)
(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.
(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:
His father named him Dongming.(名词)
They painted their boat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers in our school.(名词)
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)(不定式短语作定语,往往位于所修饰词之后)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语) (介词短语作冬雨,往往也位于所修饰词之后)
(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:
Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)
He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)
Wait a minute.(名词)
Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)
状语相对其他几种句子成分而言,比较复杂,种类也较多,常用的状语种类如下:
How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语) (在中考范围中主要为 if所引导的条件状语从句,也就是我们常会说到的主将从现)
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)
She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)
I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
参考资料:张壹程BLOG