英语翻译汉语,经济学原论里面的几句话之三。高分悬赏啊!!!
发布网友
发布时间：2022-05-02 20:47
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热心网友
时间：2022-06-27 01:43
【本章节运用了前几章所阐述的(经济学)基本工具来证明经济学在分析全球范围内的社会*问题上到底发挥了多大的作用。】
2． Crime is an economic activity and can be analyzed as a rational decision of the criminal. To decrease criminal activity, one need only decrease the benefits the criminal receives or increase the costs the criminal must pay. This holds for the entire range of crime, from illegal parking to armed robbery or murder.
【犯罪是一种经济行为，并可以被当作“罪犯的一种理性决策”来进行分析。想要减低犯罪率，只需要减少罪犯的犯罪收益或者提高其犯罪成本。这种方法使用于从非法停车到持械抢劫甚至谋杀等等的一系列犯罪行为。】
3． The concepts of supply, demand, and elasticity can be used to determine tax incidence. The more inelastic the demand for a proct and the more elastic the supply, the greater the amount of the tax paid by the consumer. Conversely, the greater
the elasticity of demand for a proct and the more inelastic the supply, the more the tax is paid by procer. In other words, relative elasticities determine tax incidence.
【供应，需求和弹性能够被用来决定课税归宿[这应该是涉及税收的转嫁与归宿一章的内容]。对于一种产品的需求弹性越弱，则供应弹性就越强，而消费者所承担的税金就越多。反之，产品的需求弹性越强，则供应弹性就越弱，则生产商要支付更多的税金。换句话说，供求弹性决定税收归宿。】
[relative elasticities是相关的弹性，应该是指上文所提到的需求弹性和供应弹性，所以这里翻译为供求弹性。]
4． Price ceilings are attempts to keep prices from rising to their equilibrium level. Price ceilings cause shortages, and black markets often develop in response to the shortage. Rent control is an example of a price ceiling.
【最高限价尝试着阻止价格上升到均衡水平。最高限价导致了(产品)短缺，这种短缺也促成了黑市的形成发展。租金控制就是最高限价的一个例子。】
[Price ceiling和price floor是微观经济学中的“最高限价”以及“最低限价”概念]
5． Price floors are attempts to keep market prices from declining below a certain level. Price floors cause surpluses that must be absorbed to prevent the price from falling. Agricultural support prices and minimum wages are examples of price floors.
【最低限价尝试着阻止价格降低到某一水平下，最低限价导致了(产品)过剩，这种过剩情况的发生必须被阻止，从而防止价格下跌。农业支持价和最低工资保障就是最低限价的两个例子。】
6． The energy crisis as it pertains to natural gas is a good example of how price ceilings disrupt markets. The lesson is that price ceilings are very difficult to remove even after the damage they cause is well understood. This type of intervention seems likely in the health care insty.
【依赖于天然气而引发的能源危机就是反应最高限价如何扰乱市场的最佳例证。这对于我们更好地理解“最高限价难以消除，尤其是在(对经济)造成损害以后”上了很好的一课，这种干扰似乎也出现在保健行业。】
7． The farm problem has in part been caused by the supply and demand characteristics of the instry and in part by the rapid proctivity gains in agricultural proction. The government has been active in agricultural markets for a long time and the effects of this activity can be examined by using the concepts of supply and demand.
【农业问题在某种程度上是由于产业的供求特点造成的，另一方面也收农业生产中生产率的快速提升的影响。*长期以来一直活跃于农业市场中，它的活动对农业的影响通过供需的概念进行审视。】
[in part 是在某种程度上]
热心网友
时间：2022-06-27 01:43
2。犯罪是一项经济活动，可作为刑事理性决策分析。为了减少犯罪活动，我们只需要减少福利的刑事接收或增加成本的犯罪必须支付。这样，对于整个范围内的犯罪，非法停车武装抢劫或谋杀。
3。供给，需求和弹性的概念可以被用来确定税收归宿。越无弹性需求的产品和更具弹性的供应，更大的由消费者支付的税收数额。相反，越大的产品和供应更缺乏弹性的需求弹性，更多的税都是由生产商。换句话说，相对弹性确定税收归宿。
4。价格上限是企图阻止其上升到均衡价格水平。最高限价造成短缺和黑市往往发展应对短缺。租金管制是一个最高限价的例子。
5。价格下限是企图阻止低于某一水平下滑的市场价格。价格下限事业，必须吸收，以防止价格下跌的盈余。农业支持价格和最低工资是最低限价的例子。
6。能源危机，因为它涉及到天然气是一种扰乱市场价格上限如何很好的例子。这个教训是，价格上限是非常难以清除，即使它们所造成的损害是众所周知的。这种类型的干预似乎在医疗保健产业发展可能。
7。农场的部分问题已引起了该行业的供给和需求特点，并在由农业生产的迅速提高生产力的一部分。*一直积极在农产品市场的时间长，这一活动的影响可以用供给和需求的概念研究。
热心网友
时间：2022-06-27 01:44
翻译成功
热心网友
时间：2022-06-27 01:44
犯罪是一项经济活动，可作为刑事理性决策分析。为了减少犯罪活动，我们只需要减少犯罪者的福利或增加犯罪的成本。这样，对于整个范围内的犯罪，减少非法停车武装抢劫或谋杀。
3。供给，需求和弹性的概念可以被用来确定税收归宿。越无弹性需求的产品和更具弹性的供应，更大的由消费者支付的税收数额。相反，越大的产品和供应更缺乏弹性的需求弹性，更多的税都是由生产商。换句话说，相对弹性确定税收归宿。
4。价格上限是企图阻止其上升到均衡价格水平。最高限价造成短缺和黑市往往发展应对短缺。租金管制是一个最高限价的例子。
5。价格下限是企图阻止低于某一水平下滑的市场价格。价格下限事业，必须吸收，以防止价格下跌的盈余。农业支持价格和最低工资是最低限价的例子。
6。能源危机，因为它涉及到天然气是一种扰乱市场价格上限如何很好的例子。这个教训是，价格上限是非常难以清除，即使它们所造成的损害是众所周知的。这种类型的干预似乎在医疗保健产业发展可能。
7。农场的部分问题已引起了该行业的供给和需求特点，并在由农业生产的迅速提高生产力的一部分。*一直积极在农产品市场的时间长，这一活动的影响可以用供给和需求的概念研究。
热心网友
时间：2022-06-27 01:45
1． This chapter used basic tools developed in the previous chapters to demonstrate how useful economics is in analyzing a wide range of social policy questions. 本章使用前几章中提出的基本工具来说明，经济学可以在分析很多社会问题时发挥作用。
2． Crime is an economic activity and can be analyzed as a rational decision of the criminal. To decrease criminal activity, one need only decrease the benefits the criminal receives or increase the costs the criminal must pay. This holds for the entire range of crime, from illegal parking to armed robbery or murder. 犯罪行为是一种经济行为，可以被认为是犯罪者的理性决定。为了降低犯罪率，可以降低犯罪收益或提高犯罪成本。这适用于一切犯罪行为，从非法停车到武装抢劫或谋杀。
3． The concepts of supply, demand, and elasticity can be used to determine tax incidence. The more inelastic the demand for a proct and the more elastic the supply, the greater the amount of the tax paid by the consumer. Conversely, the greater the elasticity of demand for a proct and the more inelastic the supply, the more the tax is paid by procer. In other words, relative elasticities determine tax incidence. 供应，需求和弹性可以用来决定税收归宿。（译者注：税负归宿亦称“税收归宿”、“赋税归宿”、“课税归宿”。它是税收负担的最后归着点。即是税收负担运动的最后归着环节，表明全部税收负担最后是由谁来承担的）。某商品的需求弹性越弱，供应需求越强，则消费者需支付越多的税金。反之，则生产者将支付更多的税金。换句话说，相关弹性决定税收归宿。
4． Price ceilings are attempts to keep prices from rising to their equilibrium level. Price ceilings cause shortages, and black markets often develop in response to the shortage. Rent control is an example of a price ceiling. 最高限价将使价格无法达到均衡水平，并将导致商品短缺，而商品短缺经常导致黑市的盛行。租金控制是最高限价的例子。
5． Price floors are attempts to keep market prices from declining below a certain level. Price floors cause surpluses that must be absorbed to prevent the price from falling. Agricultural support prices and minimum wages are examples of price floors. 最低限价将使价格无法低于通常水平，并将导致供应过剩，而供应过剩必须由防止价格下跌而消化掉。农产品价格和最低工资是最低限价的例子。
6． The energy crisis as it pertains to natural gas is a good example of how price ceilings disrupt markets. The lesson is that price ceilings are very difficult to remove even after the damage they cause is well understood. This type of intervention seems likely in the health care insty. 由于依赖天然气而导致的能源危机是最高限价如何扰乱市场的很好的例子。这教会了我们，尽管弄清了最高限价会引起的损害，但最高限价很难被取消。这种影响在健康护理行业也是差不多的情况。
7． The farm problem has in part been caused by the supply and demand characteristics of the instry and in part by the rapid proctivity gains in agricultural proction. The government has been active in agricultural markets for a long time and the effects of this activity can be examined by using the concepts of supply and demand.农场问题部分由于该行业供求特点，部分由于农业生产的生产率快速提高。*部门在农业市场中起积极作用已经有一段时间了，而这种*行为的作用可以使用供求概念来进行考证。
热心网友
时间：2022-06-27 01:46
