限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别163
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发布时间:2024-02-22 16:38
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时间:2024-03-15 20:12
英语语法:限定性定语从句,和非限定定语从句的区别,太简单了
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时间:2024-03-15 20:12
*性定语从句与非*性定语从句的区别:
*性定语从句
非*性定语从句
All the students who study hard have passed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了,不努力的没及格。) All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的学生都及格了,他们学习努力。(没有人不及格,这些学生都很努力。)
从句是先行词不可缺少的定语(如去掉,主句意思就不完整或不正确。) 从句是对先行词的附加说明(如去掉,主句意思仍清楚,不受影响。) 与主句关系密切,不用逗号 与主句关系不十分密切,用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时,从句译在先行词前,与先行词用“的”连接 译为汉语时,从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词代替宾语时可以省略 关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which
先研究下面两个例句:
○1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出来,这头象像条蛇。
○2.Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考试不及格,这使得他父亲很生气。
这两个例句中,as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处:
1. 在形式上as引导的非*性定语从句可位于主句的后面,也可位于主句的前面;而which引导的非*性定语从句只能位于主句的后面,不能位于主句的前面。
2. 在意义上,as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系,常译为“正如……”,“就像……”,而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系,或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此,在意思通顺的情况下,which可代替as,而as许多时候不能代替which,如句○2。再如:
1.He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我们所料,他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。
2. The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期没有打扫了,因此整条街很脏。(不用as)
3.The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财,这是不光彩的。(不 用as)
4.He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天运动,这对他的身体很有好处。(不用as)
5.As has already been pointed out, English is rath
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时间:2024-03-15 20:12
*性定语从句*所修饰名词或代词的意义,一般说来如把从句去掉句子意思就不清楚,甚至失去意义。而非*性定语从句主句(句子的其他部分)关系不太紧密,对所修饰名词或代词的意思没有太大影响,把它们拿掉,句子依然很完整,它们可以说是附加上去的东西,而且通常都有逗号把它们和句子的其他部分分开。具体说来,*性定语从句与非*性定语从句有以下几个方面的区别:
1. 形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时有停顿。
2. 作用不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、*和识别,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚、完整。
如:
People who take physical exercise live longer.
进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)
His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在波士顿,下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)
3. 翻译不同在翻译定语从句时,一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前,而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开,
如:
He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。
4. 含义不同比较:I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个当医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)
I have a sister ,who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐,她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)
5. 先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词,也可以是短语或句子;另外,当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的,
如:
Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast)
He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意,这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)
Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词,要用非*性定语从句修饰)
Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱,希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词,要用非*性定语从句修饰)
6. 关系词不同关系词that和why可用于*性定语从句中,通常不用于非*性定语从句;另外,在*性定语从句中,关系词有时可以省略,而在非*性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。
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时间:2024-03-15 20:13
*性定语从句与非*性定语从句用法区别:
一、 句法功能、表现形式不同
定语从句分为*性和非*性两种。*性定语从句不可缺少先行词,去掉它主句意思往往就不明确了,它与主句之间通常不用逗号分开;非*性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明,去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。如:
Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? (*性定语从句)
English is an important subject, which every student should study well. (非*性定语从句)
二、 先行词不尽相同
*性定语从句的先行词往往是某一个词,但非*性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是句子的一部分,甚至是整个主句,此时非*性定语从句一般由which或as引导,as引导非*性定语从句常用在as is said / known / expected / mentioned / reported / announced等结构中。如:
He has passed the college entrance examination, which makes his parents quite happy.
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
三、 关系词的使用情况有所不同
1. that 不可引导非*性定语从句。如:
Her father gave her a computer for her birthday,which pleased her a lot.
2. why 不用在非*性定语从句中,需用for which代替。如:
I told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the party last week.
3. 关系代词替代情况不同
关系代词 whom 在*性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom, 但 whom 在非*性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who代替。如:
This is the girl whom (who) I have been in love with for six years.
The young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to show all his love for.
4. 关系代词省略情况不同
关系代词在*性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略;非*性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。如:
She is the new student (whom / who / that) I want to introce to you.
All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.
四、 下列情形用非*性定语从句
1. 当“不定数量词 (如some, several) / 数词 + of which / whom”表示“整体 (which / whom)中的一部分”的概念时。如:
We saw many animals in the zoo, some of which are tigers.
There are fifteen new players in our team, two of whom come from Canada.
2. 当先行词为专有名词或被物主代词和指示代词修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非*性的。如:
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
Qing, where I have been three times, is an attractive city to foreigners.
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时间:2024-03-15 20:14
*性定语从句和非*性定语从句有四大区别,现作简要介绍。
一、在句中作用不同
*性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确.*性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整.
非*性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用.如果将非*性定语从句省去,主句的意义仍然完整.
二、外在表现形式不同
*性定语从句因与先行词关系密切,所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开;而非*性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开.
例 1.Do you remember the girl who taught us English?
你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗?
例 2.Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.
钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器.
例 3.This is the place where he used to live.
这就是他过去居住的地方.
例 4.Mr.Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend of mine.
张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位朋友.
例 5.We walked down the village street,where they were having market day.
我们沿着村里的大街向前走去,村民们正在那里赶集.
析:在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为*性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句隔开.在后两个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系不密切,为非*性定语从句,可用逗号将其与主句隔开.
三、先行词内容有所不同
大多数*性和非*性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而特殊情况下非*性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非*性定语从句常由 which 引导.
例 1.A middle-aged woman killed her husband,which frightened me very much.
一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧.
析:由语境可知,令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由 which 引导定语从句.
例 2.A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,which surprises all the people present.
一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语,这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶.
析:由语境可知,令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由 which 引导非*性定语从句.
四、关系词的使用情况有所不同
(一) that 不可用于引导非*性定语从句
所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导*性定语从句,大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非*性定语从句,但 that 不可.
例 1.他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物,这使她非常高兴.
误:He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday,that pleased her a lot.
正:He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday,which pleased her a lot.
例 2.他没通过这次考试,令我很失望.
误:He didn't pass the exam,that disappointed me.
正:He didn't pass the exam,which disappointed me.
值得注意的是,不少同学误认为只有 which 才能引导非*性定语从句,这个观点是不正确的.使用非*性定语从句时,如果先行词指人,则用 who ,which 或 whose 引导非*性定语从句;先行词指物可用 which 引导非*性定语从句;先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时,可用 when ,where 引导非*性定语从句.
例 1.We'll graate in July,when we will be free.
我们将于七月份毕业,到那时我们就自由了.
例 2.Last Sunday they reached Nanjing,where a conference was to be held.
他们上周日到达南京,有个会议要在那里举行.
(二)关系代词替代情况不同
关系代词 whom 在*性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom ,但 whom 在非*性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替.
例 1.This is the girl whom I met in the street.
这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩.
析:先行词 the girl 在*性定语从句中作宾语,可用 who 代替 whom .
例 2.A young man had a new girl friend,whom he wanted to impress.
一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友,他想给她留下深刻的印象.
析:先行词 a new girl friend 在非*性定语从句中作宾语,不可用 who 代替 whom .
在*性定语从句中,先行词指人时可用 that 代替 who/ whom ,但在非*性定语从句中先行词指人时,不可用 that 代替 who/whom .
例:她有一个姐姐,她是教师.
误:She has a sister,that is a teacher.
正:She has a sister,who is teacher.
(三)关系代词省略情况不同
关系代词在*性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去,非*性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省.
例 1.This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday.
这就是他昨天丢的那本书.
析:先行词 the book 在*性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词 which 或 that 可以省略.
例 2.The book,which he lost yesterday,has been found.
他昨天丢了这本书,但现在已找到了.
析:先行词 the book 在非*性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词 which 不可省.