格列佛游记详细简介。反映了什么。读书笔记。
发布网友
发布时间:2022-04-14 15:34
我来回答
共3个回答
热心网友
时间:2022-04-14 17:03
当我第一次见到此书,我以为是像《鲁滨孙漂流记》那样的小说。而当我翻开书,看了书的前言才知道了,原来这个一部充满童话色彩的讽刺小说。但小说的童话色彩只是表面的局部的特征,尖锐深邃的讽刺才是其灵魂。
他讽刺地道出了当时英国的特点:"贪婪、党争、伪善、无信、残暴、愤怒、疯狂、怨恨、嫉妒、淫欲、阴险和野心。"他挖苦地描述了人兽颠倒的怪诞现象:马成了理性的载体,而人则化作脏臭、屎尿横飞、贪婪刁难的下等动物耶胡(yahoo)。他大谈人的天性,就是心甘情愿被金钱所奴役,不是奢侈浪费就是贪得无厌。作者不仅讽刺了当时英国社会的种种,我认为更重要的是否定了整个人类社会。耶胡代表人类,而主人公却是如此厌恶耶胡。书中的字里行间都透露出作者对社会的不满。
另一方面,主人公在慧因国里与慧因的生活是最令他难忘的。他们的国家不会出现表示罪恶的字眼,像:欺骗、怀疑、狡猾等等之类的词。所以他们的社会不会有欺骗、怀疑、狡猾、陷害、阴谋、贿赂……。那个世界才是一个真正充满幸福和快乐的地方。以至于当主人公离开那里时流下了悲伤的眼泪。
看完《格列佛游记》之后,我们不能不审视自己,我们身上有没有这些顽疾劣根的影子。
我们的社会虽然不像当时英国那样败落,但也好不到哪去。小偷小摸、乱扔乱丢、破坏公物。都是我们身边随处可见的事。杀人放火、贩毒走私、残暴疯狂。也是我们在电视中经常见到的事,都已经不足为奇了。
这么一个浑浊的社会,是要靠我们来澄清的。现在的我们虽然不能做出什么轰轰烈烈的事情来,但是可以做我们能做到的事。就算是低下头拣起一片垃圾,写一篇环保文章,号召朋友亲戚……这都是我们轻易能做到的。
我希望我们的社会能在我们一代一代的努力下,成为像慧因国那样的社会。我愿为此付出,从我做起,从现在做起,让这个社会多一点阳光,少一点污染。
热心网友
时间:2022-04-14 18:21
内容精要
1699年,外科医生格列佛随“羚羊号”出航南太平洋。不幸中途遇险,格列佛死里逃生,漂到利立浦特(小人国),被小人捆住。利立浦特人用专车把体积巨大的格列佛运到京城献给国王,他的出现几乎吸引了小人国所有的人。格列佛温顺的表现逐渐赢得了国王和人民对他的好感,他也渐渐熟悉了小人国的风俗习惯。当时,另一小人国不来夫斯古帝国准备从海上入侵利立浦特帝国,格列佛涉过海峡,把50艘最大的敌舰拖回利立浦特国的港口,立了大功。但是格列佛不愿灭掉不末夫斯古帝国,使皇帝很不高兴。这时,皇后寝宫失火,格列佛情急生智,撒了一泡尿把火扑灭,谁知却让皇后大为恼火。于是,小人国君臣沆瀣一气准备除掉格列佛。格列佛听到风声,赶快逃到不来夫斯古帝国,后来平安回到英国。
格列佛回家不久,就随“冒险号”再次出海,不幸又遇上风暴,船被刮到布罗卜丁内格(大人国)。格列佛被一位高达20米的农民捉住。农民带格列佛到全国各大城市展览,最后来到首都。这个农民发财心切,每天要格列佛表演10场,把他累得奄奄一息。当这个农民眼看无利可图时,便把格列佛卖给了皇后。由于小巧伶俐,格列佛在宫廷中非常得宠,但是也常常遭到老鼠、小鸟等动物的侵袭。面对国王,格列佛沾沾自喜地介绍了英国各方面的情况及近百年来的历史,但被国王一一否定。
格列佛在该国的第三年,陪同国王巡视边疆。由于思乡心切,他假装生病,来到海边呼吸新鲜空气。天空中的鹰错把他住的箱子当成乌龟叼了起来。几只鹰在空中争夺,箱子掉进海里,被路过的一艘船发现,格列佛获救后,乘船回到英国。
在家呆了一段时间,格列佛又随“好望号”出海。这一次,格列佛所乘的船遭贼船劫持,格列佛侥幸逃脱,被一座叫“勒皮他”的飞岛救起。这些人的相貌异常、衣饰古怪,整天沉思默想。国王和贵族都住在飞岛上,老百姓则住在巴尔尼巴比等三座海岛上。格列佛离开飞岛后,来到巴尔尼巴比进行访问,并参观了岛上的“拉格多科学院”。这所科学院研究的部是些荒诞不经的课题,结果造成全国遍地荒凉,房屋坍塌,人民无衣无食。
接着,格列佛来到巫人岛。岛上的总督精通魔法,能随意召唤任何鬼魂,格列佛因此会见了古代的许多名人,结果发现史书上的记载很多不符合史实,甚至是非颠倒。尔后,格列佛又游览了拉格耐格王国,见到一种长生不老人“斯特鲁布鲁格”。离开该国后,格列佛来到日本,然后乘船回到英国。
格列佛回家后五个月,受聘为“冒险家号”船长,再次乘船出海。途中水手叛变,把他囚禁了几个月,然后被放逐到“慧驷国”。在这里,格列佛遭到一种形状像人的名为“耶胡”的畜生的围攻。幸亏一匹具有智慧的马——“慧驷”来给他解了围。原来马是该国有理性的居民和统治者,而“耶胡”则是马所豢养和役使的畜生。格列佛的举止言谈在“慧驷”国的马民看来是一只有理性的“耶胡”,因此引起了他们的兴趣。格列佛很快学会了该国语言,应主人的邀请,他谈到在世界其他地方马是畜生,而像他那样的“耶胡”则具有理性,并且是马的主人。这使“慧驷”感到很震惊。
在“慧驷”各种美德的感化下,格列佛一心想留在“慧驷”国。然而“慧驷”国全国代表大会通过决议要消灭那里的耶胡。所以格列佛的愿望无法实现。无奈之下,格列佛只好乘小船离开该国打道回府。格列佛怀着对“慧驷国”的向往,一辈子与马为友。
阅读指导
斯威夫特的讽刺艺术在《格列佛游记》当中得到了充分地体现。他的讽刺手法是十分丰富的。其一是运用反语进行讥讽。例如作者本来对人类利用火药的威力来发动战争、掠夺财富、残杀同类非常愤怒和鄙视,但他却在小说中用“对*一无所知”等一系列反语来形容对火药嗤之以鼻的大人国国王:其二是以类似漫画的夸张技巧描写各种怪涎的事物,如耶胡、勒皮他人和长生不老的人等等。其三,他以一本正经的严肃态度、细致*真的细节描写刻画了小人国的生活和斗争,极为成功地反映出当时英国的现实。其四,作者善于用严肃认真的口吻叙述渺小无聊的事情。关于利立浦特的历史的叙述就是极好的例子。最后,特别值得提出的是斯威夫特的讽刺艺术具有高度的概括性。他善于通过具体的情节,深刻地揭露社会的丑恶现象和矛盾关系,并且往往能指出其某些本质。同时,斯威夫特将当时英国社会存在的种种矛盾含沙射影地融合进书中各国的*斗争当中,读者在轻松的阅读过程中自然而然地联想到英国政坛的黑暗和对外的残酷掠夺。
《格列佛游记》不仅具有深刻的思想内容,而且具有比较完美的艺术形式:首先,斯威夫特用自己独特的手法以及似曾相识的情节设置,刻画了当时英国的现实。同时,他也是根据当时英国的现实才创造出一个丰富多彩的、童话般的幻想世界。例如,他抓住了议会党派斗争的本质特点,创造了小人国的高跟党和低跟党,而这些虚构的情节就把现实表现得更为强烈,更为集中、更为典型,而且更带普遍性。《格列佛游记》的艺术魅力也就在这里。斯威夫特的幻想和现实是和谐的、统一的,格列佛在小人国、大人国、飞岛,慧驷国的遭遇各不相同,但都安排得合情合理,毫无破绽。他每到一个幻想国度都受到不同的待遇,绘声绘色,使作品具有艺术的真实感,从而增加了作品的艺术感染力。
热心网友
时间:2022-04-14 19:56
简介
Gulliver goes on four separate voyages in Gulliver's Travels. Each journey is preceded by a storm. All four voyages bring new perspectives to Gulliver's life and new opportunities for satirizing the ways of England.
The first voyage is to Lilliput, where Gulliver is huge and the Lilliputians are small. At first the Lilliputians seem amiable, but the reader soon sees them for the ridiculous and petty creatures they are. Gulliver is convicted of treason for "making water" in the capital (even though he was putting out a fire and saving countless lives)--among other "crimes."
The second voyage is to Brobdingnag, a land of Giants where Gulliver seems as small as the Lilliputians were to him. Gulliver is afraid, but his keepers are surprisingly gentle. He is humiliated by the King when he is made to see the difference between how England is and how it ought to be. Gulliver realizes how revolting he must have seemed to the Lilliputians.
Gulliver's third voyage is to Laputa (and neighboring Luggnagg and Glubgdribb). In a visit to the island of Glubgdribb, Gulliver is able to call up the dead and discovers the deceptions of history. In Laputa, the people are over-thinkers and are ridiculous in other ways. Also, he meets the Stuldbrugs, a race endowed with immortality. Gulliver discovers that they are miserable.
His fourth voyage is to the land of the Houyhnhnms, who are horses endowed with reason. Their rational, clean, and simple society is contrasted with the filthiness and brutality of the Yahoos, beasts in human shape. Gulliver reluctantly comes to recognize their human vices. Gulliver stays with the Houyhnhnms for several years, becoming completely enamored with them to the point that he never wants to leave. When he is told that the time has come for him to leave the island, Gulliver faints from grief. Upon returning to England, Gulliver feels disgusted about other humans, including his own family.
读书笔记
full title · Gulliver's Travels, or, Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, by Lemuel Gulliver
author · Jonathan Swift
type of work · Novel
genre · Satire
language · English
time and place written · Approximately 1712–1726, London and Dublin
date of first publication · 1726 (1735 unabridged)
publisher · George Faulkner (unabridged 1735 edition)
narrator · Lemuel Gulliver
point of view · Gulliver speaks in the first person. He describes other characters and actions as they appear to him.
tone · Gulliver's tone is gullible and naïve ring the first three voyages; in the fourth, it turns cynical and bitter. The intention of the author, Jonathan Swift, is satirical and biting throughout.
tense · Past
setting (time) · Early eighteenth century
setting (place) · Primarily England and the imaginary countries of Lilliput, Blefuscu, Brobdingnag, Laputa, add the land of the Houyhnhnms
protagonist · Lemuel Gulliver
major conflict · On the surface, Gulliver strives to understand the various societies with which he comes into contact and to have these societies understand his native England. Below the surface, Swift is engaged in a conflict with the English society he is satirizing.
rising action · Gulliver's encounters with other societies eventually lead up to his rejection of human society in the fourth voyage
climax · Gulliver rejects human society in the fourth voyage, specifically when he shuns the generous Don Pedro as a vulgar Yahoo
falling action · Gulliver's unhappy return to England accentuates his alienation and compels him to buy horses, which remind him of Houyhnhnms, to keep him company
themes · Might versus right; the indivial versus society; the limits of human understanding
motifs · Excrement; foreign languages; clothing
symbols · Lilliputians; Brobdingnagians; Laputans; Houyhnhnms; England
foreshadowing · Gulliver's experiences with various flawed societies foreshadow his ultimate rejection of human society in the fourth voyage.