将下列句子改为被动语态
发布网友
发布时间：2022-04-09 16:44
共3个回答
热心网友
时间：2022-04-09 18:14
By whom was the floor swept today?
热心网友
时间：2022-04-09 19:32
Who the floor was swept by today？
热心网友
时间：2022-04-09 21:06
2、who was the floor sweept today by?
不过最好把被动语句主动语句那一节系统看看！！
一、被动语态的结构模式
1、限定动词被动语态的结构模式
be+动词的过去分词
在此结构中，be有人称、时态、数的变化，be的变化与其作为一般动词进行各种时态变化一致：
1、一般现在时： be → am/is/are
2、一般过去时： be → was/were
3、一般将来时： be → will(shall)be
4、过去将来时： be → would(should)be
5、现在进行时： be → am/is/are being +动词的过去分词
6、过去进行时： be → was/were/being
7、现在完成时： be → have/has been
8、过去完成时： be → had been
9、带情态动词： be → will/must/can/could etc.be
（注：时态＋语态）
2、非限定动词的被动语态
非限定动词包括不定式、现在分词、过去分词与动名词，其中不定式和现在分词、动名词有被动语态形成。
（1）不定式的被动语态（以do 为例）：
一般式：to be done
完成式：to have been done
当不定式的逻辑上的主语是动作的承受者时，这个不定式要用被动语态。
e.g. I am proud to be thus chosen.
He needs to be sent to hospital.
Balloons are ordinary meteorological instruments to be used by airman.
（2）现在分词与动名词的被动语态。
当现在分词与动名词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，就要用其被动语态。
一般式：being done
完成式：having been done
e.g. We all enjoy the song being sung in the next room.
Having been told the way to the Great wall, the students started off immediately.
I object to being kept waiting.
Several of our customers complain of having been treated very rudely.
二、被动语态的基本用法
1、行为的执行者不明确或不必说出来
e.g. A stranger was killed last night.
Work is done when an object is moved.
2、用于强调动作的承受者而不是执行者
e.g. The story is told everywhere in the city .
China’s first television station was set up in Beijing in 1958.
3、被动语态有时还用来表示礼貌或语气的婉转
e.g. I was told that the problem had been solved.
All the work must be finished before May.
三、语态的转换的几种类型
1、谓语是单数及物动词：
AV: We will plant trees tomorrow.
PV: Trees will be planted (by us) tomorrow.
2、谓语是短语动词：
2、1 介词动词、词组动词、词组介词动词的被动语态。
（1）动词＋介词，如：look after, look into, talk about.
The Children are well looked after.
This matter is being looked into.
（2）动词＋副词小品词，如：set up, put off, bring about.
The light has just been turned off (by us).
The sports meet is to be put off.
（3）动词＋副词小品词＋介词，如do away with, put up with.
That sort of thing should be done away with.
上述三种短语动词转换为被动语态时，必须看作是一个及物动词，其后的介词或副词小品词不能丢掉。
2、2 及物动词＋名词＋介词的被动语态，如：pay attention to, make use of ,take care of等转换成被动语态时，通常有两种形式：
一种是把整个短语当作一个及物动词处理。
另一种是把短语动词看作“动词＋宾语＋介词” 结构处理。
AV: We must pay attention to the development of agriculture.
PV1: The development of agriculture must be paid attention to.
PV2: Attention must be paid to the development of agriculture.
(注意：采用第二种形式时要把介词词组放到被动语态的后面。)
又例如：AV: They had made a mess of the house.
PV1: The house had been made a mess of.
PV2: A mess had been made of the house.
2、3 具有双宾语的主动动词变为被动句时，可以把个宾语中的任何一个作为被动句的宾语，保
留另一宾语。
PV：My father bought me a book last week.
PV1: A book was bought for me (by my father) last week.
PV2: I was bought a book (by my father) last week.
在一般情况下，多使用第二种被动句式，即以间接宾语为主语。
2、4 含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句式时，只把宾语变为主主语，补语部分保留不动：
AV: The teacher asked the students to speak more English.
PV: The students were asked to speak more English (by the teacher).
注：在see, hear, make 等动词后的复合宾语中，不定式都不带to,而在被动句式中则要带to.
e.g AV: Electricity makes machines run.
PV: Machines are made to run by electricity.
2、5 谓语是情态动词＋及物动词或短语动词。
AV: We can change water in to vapour.
PV：Water can be changed into vapour.
2、6 特殊疑问句语态转换
特殊疑问句的主动语态变为被动语态时，应注意几点：
（1） 疑问词要放在句首，句中的谓语结构要合乎疑问句的句型。
（2） 主动语态的疑问词若为whom应改为who，若为who应改为who+be+S+P.P by?或By whom+be+P.P?
（3）其余疑问词均不变，仅将谓语动词变为被动语态。
e.g. AV: Who wrote the letter?
PV1: Who was the letter written by?
PV2: By whom was the letter written?
AV: Whom did you take care of?
PV1: Who was taken care of by you?
AV: How do you know that?
PV: How is that known by you?
AV: What can you do?
PV: What can be done by you?
2、7 有些主动句没有相应的被动句，而另一些被动句没有与之\相对应的主动句：
e.g. AV: Man has a third basic need.
PV: He was born is 1955.
前者不可能变成被动句，而后者不可能变成主动句。
四、系表结构和被动语态的区别
系表结构有时也是be加过去分词构成的，和被动语态相似但实质是完全不同的。
e.g The Chair in broken (It needs repairing.)
The Chair was broken yesterday.
前一句是说明主语（The chair）的状态或具有的性质，过去分词（broken）已失去动词的含义，它只相当于一个形容词，这是系表结构，而不是被动语态。
后一句是昨天发生的一个动作，而主语(The chair)是这一动作涉及的对象，这是被动语态。
再如：The library is now closed.
图书馆现在关门了（现在处于关闭，不借书的状态下）
The library is usually closed at 5:30 PM.
图书馆通常在下午5点半钟关门（五点半关门这一动作）
The small town is surrounded by trees.
这小镇周围全是树木（小镇处的状态，系表结构）
The small town was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.
那小镇很快被敌人的士兵包围了（小镇所承受的动作、被动语态）
除以上述讲到的从意义上加以区分之外，还可以从以下几方面来进行区别：
1、从时态上来区分：被动语态表示动作，就要考虑时间的变化，它的时态须跟主动语态的句子所涉及的时态一致，而系表结构只表示主语的性状，多用一般现在时表示目前的性状，用一般过去时表过去的性状。
This short story is well written.（表性状，系表）
This short story was written by Lu Xun in 1922.（表动作，被动语态）
可转换成主动语态→Lu Xun wrote this short stay in 1922.
How crowded the room is 表目前的性状
The room was terribly crowded 表过去的性状。
2、从所带状语来区分：如果带有时间状语、方式状语或by词组作状语，多半是被动语态，如前面所举的例子。
但并非所有带有by词组的一定是被动语态，如前面：
This small town is surrounded by tree,
这句子虽然带有by词组，但by所引导的并不是行动者，亦可把此处的by改为with .
3、从动词性质来看来区分：在英语中，并非所有动词的过去分词都能用于系表结构中作表语，过去分词可以作表语的有以下几种性质的动词：
（1） 具有形容词特征的过去分词，例如：能表示事物状态的，有broker, closed, shut, locked, covered, lost, completed等能表示人的感觉和情绪的有excited, interested ,pleased, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, tired, moved, worried, inspired, frightened, shocked等，这类表示感觉、情绪的过去分词，几乎都可以被当作形容词来看待，有人称之为分词形容词。
e.g. Don’t get excited!
The door is locked.
We are satisfied with what he said.
（2）少数不及物动词的过去分词，不及物动词没有被动语态，它的过去分词用于系动词后，就是表语。
e.g. The moon is risen .
Gone are the days when we were bullied!
能够这样用的不及物动词多半是表示“运动”或“转变”的，除了rise, go之外，还有come ,arrive, pass, fall, set, return, change, grow , become ,turn, melt等。
（3）表示智力活动结果或表示行为结果少数动词。
The young scientist is known to us all.
The soldier was badly wounded.
此外还有unknown, learned, mistaken, killed, saved, deserted, injured 等词也可以用来作表语。
五、动词的主动式表被动的含义
在英语中，有些动词可以用主动语态的形式来表达被动的含义。
e.g. This poem can’t translate well.（这首诗无法译好）
This kind of cloth cleans easily.（这种布很容易洗干净）
The novel sells well.（这本小说销路很好）
The window can’t open.（这扇窗子打不开）
上述例句中的动词clean, sell, lock, open 等是用主动语态的形式来表示被动的含义，这类动词常见的还有read, write wear, look, fear, cut ,compare, keep, burn, strike, pull, act, add, last及feel, seem, sound, taste, smell等感官动词，这些句子中的主语多半是事物，而这些动词常和表示行为方式的状语连用或与否定词连用构成否定句。由于主语本身具有某一固定特点，才使得句中谓语动物以某种方式实现或不能以某种方式实现，在这种情况下，上述这些动词就可以用主动式来表被动含义。关于主动表被动，刘学明先生在他的著作<<实用分类英语惯用法>>中可作了详尽的阐述。在中学英语语法中，常见的主要是以下几种用主动语态表示被动意义：
1、worth（值得）
e.g. The Great wall is worth visiting.
The book is well worth reading.
2、require（需要）, need（需要）, want （需要）
The room requires cleaning.
The room needs cleaning.
在这几个动词后，如果接不定式，则必须用被动形式表被动意义：
→The room requires cleaning .
The room needs to be cleaned.
He is ill, he needs sending to hospital.
→He is ill, he needs to be sent to hospital.
3、in need of （需要）
e.g. The front was in need of helping .
六、不宜用于被动语态的及物动词
在英语中，并非所有及物动词都可以用于被动语态，如：meet 作遇见解时，就不能用于被动语态，只能用于主动语态。
e.g. （正）I often meet her in the book store.
（误）She is often met by me in the book store.
但meet 作迎接解时，是可以用于被动语态。
e.g. I was met at the airport by all my old friends in that city .
该城老友全都到机场迎接我。
不能用于被动语态的常见动词还胡become（适合）, suit, fit, last(持续、经久), lost（丧失、牺牲）, catch（赶上、懂得）, get（懂得）, hold（容纳）以及have, own, lack, weigh,等，另外还有一些动词词组也不能用于被动态，如break one’s word（失信）, eat one’s word（收到前言）, give ear（倾听）, give way（退让）, hold one’s tongue (保持缄默), kill time（消磨时光）, play the game（行为光明正大）, set sail（启程）, take place（发生）, talk shop（谈本行有关的事情等，此外，当句的宾主是处所，团体或组织时，也不宜转换为被动语态。）
以下这些例句的动词，都不能适用于被动语态。
T：Does this cap become me?
F: Am I become by the cap?
T: This TV set will last you twenty years .
F: You will be lasted twenty years by this TV set.
T: He left his home town.
F: His hometown was left by him.
T: Carelessness often cost s a driver his life.
F: A driver is often cost his life by carelessness.
T: Do you get its meaning.
F: Is its meaning got by you?
T: I don’t take you at all.
F: You are not taken by me at all.
T: This great hall can hold 10,000 people.
F: Ten thousand people can be hold by this great hall.
七、被动语态的使用场合
在英语中，由于很多动词，尤其是不及物动词和系动词通常没有被动语态，而且当及物动词的宾语为非限定分句时，通常也不可以转换为被动句，因而被动语态的使用频率远不如主动语态高，但在有些情况下（除了我们前面谈的被动语态的基本用法外），通常也还是要用到被动语态。
一般说来，在科技英语和新闻报导中，为了体现发言人的客观、中间立场，通常使用被动语态；在有上下文的句子中，为了避免中途变更主语也常常采用被动结构；有时主动句与与其对应的被动表达的语义并不相同，为了准确地表态语义，也会用到被动结构。
e.g. She can’t teach the boy.
The boy can’t be taught.
前一句相当于She is unable to teach the boy。can 表示“能力”，后一句则相当于It is impossible for her to teach the boy。can 表示“可能”。由此可见，主动句和被动句的意义不同了,当要表达后一种语义时就只能用被动句了.
参考资料：1．AJ. Thomson A V. Martinet.《牛津实用英语语法》。
