英语!!问题
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发布时间：2022-04-26 09:01
共2个回答
热心网友
时间：2022-06-26 07:12
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
【一】主语从句 【二】表语从句 【三】宾语从句
【四】定语从句 【五】同位语从句 【六】状语从句
【一】主语从句：在主句种充当主语成分的从句叫主语从句，
引导主语从句的连词有：从属连词；连接代词；连接副词
A 从属连词：that，whether。
从属连词；that，whether引导的主语从句在主语从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接词的作用，通常不可以省略。分句置于句首时，that绝对不可以省略。如果是由It作形式主语，后面that可以省略.
1,有that 引导的主语从句如下：
1. That thedriver could not control his war was obvious.
=It was obvious（that）the driver could notcontrol his car.
2. Thatshe was chosen made us very happy.
=it made us very happy that she was chosen
3. Thathe is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。
=It issheer luck that she is still alive
4. Thatthe whole project is doomed to failure is quite clear
=It isquite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
5. Thatyou should have to leave is a pity
=It's apity that you should have to leave.
你非走不可真是件憾事。
6. That he will refuse this piece of advice isimpossible.
=It is impossible that he will refuse this piece ofadvice
7. That they should like each other is natural
=It is natural that they should like each other
8. Thathe will not come to the meeting this evening is true
=It istrue that he will not come to the meeting this evening
9. Thathe will help others is a fact
10. That theearth turns around the sun is known to all.
=It is known to all that the earth turnsaround the sun.
11. That we can win is certain
=It is certain that we can win.
12. That you have made a mistake is a fact.
=It is a fact that you have made a mistake
13. It is ordered that we should leave at once.
14. That you don’t like him is none of my business.
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a. It +be +形容词+ that-从句
It isnecessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
It’s certain that… 肯定…
It is possible that... 很可能……
It is unlikely that... 不可能……
It is necessary \important \natural\... that…
It is possible that she will come back tomorrow.
It is obvious that this measure is effective.
b. It +be +V ed 分词+ that-从句
It is known to all that… 从所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
It is said that... 据说……
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that...据信……;人们相信……
It is suggested that + (should）do... 建议……
It must be admitted that…必须承认……
It cannot be denied that… 不可否认……
It must be pointed out that…需指出的是……
It was reported that 20 people were killed in the accident.
It was suggested that we shouldeat more vegetable and do more exercise
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是……
It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是…
It is common knowledge that… …是常识
It is common knowledge that… 是常识
It is a fact that… 事实是……
It was a pity that we lost the match.
It was a fact that he cheated in the exam.
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that…似乎……
It happens that…碰巧……
It occurred to me that…我突然想起……
It occurred to methat I forgot to send this letter
It happened that I came into the office at that time.
It is important(necessary / advisable /desirable / imperative / true / strange / possible ...)that ...需要注意的是,这类主语从句中,谓语动词很多为"(should)＋动词原形",即要用虚拟语气。例如:
It isnecessary that several nurses (should) stay.
几个*留在这儿是很有必要的。
It isimperative that everyone (should) learn from practice.
每个人都应该从实践中学习。
It isreported (well-known / hoped / thought / expected / said / believed / decided /suggested / ordered ...)that ...例如:
It issaid that many people was killed in the earthquake.
据说很多人在这次地震中丧生了。
it seems(appears / doesn’t matter / makes no difference/ ...)that ...
例如:
It makes no difference whether he willattend the meeting or not.
他是否会参加会议都无关紧要。
当用it作形式主语,而将主语从句放在句尾时,主语从句中的否定词常要前移至主句中。例如:
It doesn’t seem that they are from the sameuniversity.
It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunnyday tomorrow.
if 不能用在主语从句中，而是用whether，如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.或把if 改为whether
If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.
正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.
正: Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful.
Whether he left (or not) is unknown
Whether he will come is not clear.
Whether it will rainor not) is not clear
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。
Whether we will go tomorrow )hasn’t beendecided yet
Whether themeeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
Whether thepoliceman will come is not certain.
Whether the 2000Olympic Games will be held in Beijingis not known yet.
Whether we’ll gocamping tomorrow depends on the weather.
whether he likesthe job is not clear.
.注意区分it 作形式主语的主语从句与强调句
强调句句型It is/was+被强调部分+that, 去掉It is/was, that，句子仍然成立。
It is natural that they should have different views. 主语从句
It is only lately that he had had afamily himself. 强调句
What was it that he wanted? I don’tknow what it was that he wanted.
It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem
8.注意it 作形式主语的主语从句和as引导非*性定语从句引导的不同
It is known to all that the earth is round.
As is known to all. the earth is round.
B连接代词who ，what ，which,whatever, whichever, whoever (Who,whom, which, what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起到强调作用。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导，它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序)
What many scientists believe is thatthe earth is round …
Who will takepart in the meeting has not been decided.
Whoever breaksthe law will be punished.
Which studentwill win is uncertain.
Whatever was saidhere must be keptsecret.
这里说的话都应当保密。
Whoever makes mistakes must correctthem.
凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。
What is neededfor success) is your hard work.
Who can join inthe sport meet) is decided by the teacher
What he needs isthat book.
What he needs aresome books.
What he needs aresome books.
Who he is andwhere he is from are important.
What he saw arethe stars in the sky
What he said atthe meeting astonished everybody present
Whoever leavesthe room last ought to turn off the lights.
C连接副词when，where， how， why等。
Why they suddenlydisappeared still remains amystery.
When they willleave is not decided.
Where she is fromis unknown.
How we will paintthe house has not beendecided.
When they will arrive has been told tothe teacher
Where we will gotomorrow hasn’t been decided yet
When he will comeis not known
When he will comeis a puzzle
Where we shallspend the holiday isn’t decided.
Where he comesfrom is a mystery.
Conclusion:主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式
主语从句的规律
规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。
规律二、连词that 在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。
规律三、whether 可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但if不能
规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用
规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用单数第三人称形式。
规律六、what 引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式
规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用 it 做形式主语，把从句放在后面。
【二】表语从句 ：表语从句的定义：表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。
表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、代词、数词、动词过去分词、动词的-ing形式、副词、介词短语、形容词、不定式和从句等来充当。
Lyne is anexcellent student
Henry was anAmerican businessman
Henry met anAmerican businessman
The person stood in front of you just now is myheadmaster.
I didn’t know that it was you at that time.
The door remained closed.
Mary’s daily job is cleaning the house.
The house is not only large but also beautiful.
When I went to your house, you were out.
No one was in the dorm, when she arrived.
My job is to teach you English.
The reason why he came late was that his clockdidn’t work.
Position (位置)表语常位于系动词（be等词）之后，与主语共同构成主--系--表结构(Subject-Predicative structure) 的句子。
Linking Verbs (连系动词)
除动词be以外，还有一些后面可接表语的特殊连系动词，如：look, smell,taste, sound, feel, fall, come, go（变成…）, become, grow（渐渐地变化）, turn(变成，一般用于颜色), appear, seem,get, keep, remain, stay等。
一、表语从句定义：表语从句的定义：表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。
The question is who will do it.
表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。
二、表语从句构成
（系动词） +引导词 +简单句
His suggestion is that we should stay calm
That is why she was late.
三、引导表语从句的关联词
【1】从属连词that，whether；that 在表语从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何意义。
The trouble is that I have lost her address.
麻烦是我把她的地址弄丢了。
My question is whether he left ( or not ).
我的问题是他是否离开了。
The question is whether we should ask them for help.
The trouble is that he has never done the work before
The fact is that he hasn’t yetrecover from illness.
The reason why he has to go is thathis mother is ill in bed.
比较 that在定语从句中的用法。
Thereare some films thatI’d like to see.
She isthe only student thatknows French.
结论:that 在引导定语从句时,指事物,也可指人,
在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
【2】.从属连词as, as if / though引导的表语从句
由as if 引导表语从句时要注意语态.若从句表示与现在事实相反,谓动用be 动词要用were
与过去事实相反用 had +过去分词
Li Lei is now ina new jacket.
He looks as if he were an American boy.
The girl isgiving us a vivid description of the moon.
It seems as ifshe had been to the moon many times.
He looked just ashe had looked ten years before.
It sounds as ifsomeone is knocking at the door.
It looks as if it were going to rain.
whether在表语从句中表是否 ,但不充当句子的成分。if 不能引导表语从句.如:
What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover fromthe serious disease soon
【3】because, why 引导的表语从句
(1) That’sbecause he didn’t understand me.
那是因为他不理解我。(强调原因）
(2) That’s why hegot angry with me
那正是他对我生气的原因。（强调结果）
4.连接代词who, whom, whose, whoever, what,
whatever, which,whichever 引导表语从句
(1) The problemis who we can get to replace her.
问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
Guilin is not whatit used to be.
What she wants to know is whichdress she should buy.
The question is what caused the accident.
That mountain is not what itused to be .
What he told you was what had been discussed at the meeting.
【4】连接副词where, when, how
The question ishow he did it.问题是他如何做此事的。
That is where he was born. 那就是他出生的地方
That is whereLu Xun used to live.
That is whyhe didn’t pass the exam.
四. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句(if不可以引导表语从句)
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用"should+动词原形" 表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan等。
My suggestion isthat we (should) start early tomorrow.
The question iswhether we will have our sports meet next week.
The reason why hefailed is that he was too careless.
The problem iswho we can get to take the place of John.
The question iswhen he can arrive at the hotel.
The question iswhether the enemy is marching towards us.
It looked as ifhe had understood this question.
The question iswho will travel with me to Beijingtomorrow.
The question iswhy he cried yesterday.
注意点1：if 不能引导表语从句
注意点2：主句主语为reason, 只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
注意点3：如果从句是特殊疑问句，用陈述句语序
A：表语从句一定要用陈述语序
B 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。
C 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
热心网友
时间：2022-06-26 07:13
这就是一个典型的主语从句的例句。
句中，what does she want充当整个复合句的主语，is谓语，the most important matter是宾语。
希望可以帮到你~不明白可以追问~
