“大西洋宪法”在哪部百科全书中可以查到全文?
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发布时间：2022-04-25 15:59
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时间：2023-09-19 09:13
1941年美国总统罗斯福与英国首相丘吉尔签署的联合宣言。全名为《美国总统和英国首相的联合宣言》。苏德战争爆发后，第二次世界大战范围扩大，美、英迫切需要进一步协调反法西斯的战略。两国首脑于1941年8月在大西洋北部纽芬兰阿金夏海湾的奥古斯塔号军舰上举行大西洋会议。8月13日签署大西洋宪章。该文件全文共8条，宣布两国不追求领土或其他方面的扩张，不承认法西斯通过侵略造成的领土变更，尊重各国人民选择其*形式的权利，恢夏被暴力剥夺的各国人民的主权，各国在贸易和原料方面享受平等待遇，促成一切国家在经济方面最全面的合作，摧毁纳粹*后重建和平，公海航行自由，各国必须放弃武力削减军备，解除侵略国家的武装。大西洋宪章提出的对法西斯国家作战的目的和进步民主的重建战后和平的目标，体现了资产阶级民主*的一般原则，对于国际反法西斯统一战线的形成和打败德、意、日侵略者起到了积极的推进作用，成为以后联合国宪章的基础。同时，“机会均等”、“海上自由”等内容有利于美国战后与英国争夺势力范围，取得世界“领导地位”。同年9月，苏联等国表示同意宪章的基本原则
附：《大西洋宪章》的中英全文
THE ATLANTIC CHARTER
美利坚合众国总统和代表联合王国的首相丘吉尔，经过会商，觉得把他们两个国家*上若干共同原则（对更好的未来世界的希望即以此为基础）在此时向世界宣布，是合适的。
The president of the United States of America and the Prime Minister, Mr.Churchill, representing His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, being met together, deem it right to make known certain common principles in the national policies of their respective countries on which they base their hopes for a better future for the world.
第一， 他们两个国家不寻求任何领土的或其它方面的扩张；
First, their countries seek no aggrandizement, territorial or other;
第二， 他们不希望看见发生任何与有关人民自由表达的意志不相符合的领土变更；
Second, they desire to see no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned;
第三， 他们尊重所有民族选择他们愿意生活于其下的*形式之权利；他们希望看到曾经被武力剥夺其主权及自治权的民族，重新获得主权与自治；
Third, they respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live; and they wish to see sovereign rights and self government restored to those who have been forcibly deprived of them;
第四， 他们要在尊重他们现有的义务下，努力促使所有国家，不分大小，战胜者或战败者，都有机会在同等条件下，为了实现它们经济的繁荣，参加世界贸易和获得世界的原料；
Fourth, they will endeavor, with e respect for their existing obligations, to further the enjoyment by all States, great or small, victor or vanquished, of access, on equal terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world which are needed for their economic prosperity;
第五， 他们希望促成所有国家在经济领域内最充分的合作，以促进所有国家的劳动水平、经济进步和社会保障；
Fifth, they desire to bring about the fullest collaboration between all nations in the economic field with the object of securing, for all, improved labor standards, economic advancement and social security;
第六， 在纳粹*被最后消灭之后，他们希望建立和平，使所有国家能够在它们境内安然自存，并保障所有地方的所有人在免于恐惧和不虞匮乏的自由中，安度他们的一生；
Sixth, after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny, they hope to see established a peace which will afford to all nations the means of dwelling in safety within their own boundaries, and which will afford assurance that all the men in all the lands may live out their lives in freedom from fear and want;
第七， 这样的和平将使所有人能够在公海上不受阻碍地自由地航行；
Seventh, such a peace should enable all men to traverse the high seas and oceans without hindrance;
第八， 他们相信，世界上所有国家，为了现实的和精神上的理由，必须放弃使用武力。如果那些在国境外从事或可能以侵略相威胁的国家继续使用陆海空武器装备，则未来的和平将无法维持；所以他们相信，在一个更普遍和更持久的全面安全体系建立之前，解除这些国家的武装是必要的。同样，他们会协助和鼓励一切其它可行的措施，来减轻爱好和平的人民在军备上的沉重负担。
Eighth, they believe that all of the nations of the world, for realistic as well as spiritual reasons must come to the abandonment of the use of force. Since no future peace can be maintained if land, sea or air armaments continue to be employed by nation which threaten, or may threaten, aggression outside of their frontiers, they believe, pending the establishment of a wider and permanent system of general security, that the disarmament of such nations is essential. They will likewise aid and encourage all other practicable measures, which will lighten for peace-loving peoples the crushing burden of armaments.
富兰克林.罗斯福
FRANKIN D. ROOSEVELT
温斯顿.丘吉尔
WINSTON S. CHURCHILL
1941-08-14
AUGUST 14, 1941
