跪求一篇有关加热炉的外文、有翻译就更好了!!!

发布网友发布时间：2022-04-24 09:21

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热心网友时间：2023-10-09 08:07

加热炉的工作原理与主要技术参数

一、加热炉工作原理
液体（气体）燃料在加热炉辐射室（炉膛）中燃烧，产生高温烟气并以它作为热载体，流向对流室，从烟囱排出。待加热的原油首先进入加热炉对流室炉管，原油温度一般为29。炉管主要以对流方式从流过对流室的烟气（9）中获得热量，这些热量又以传热方式由炉管外表面传导到炉管内表面，同时又以对流方式传递给管内流动的原油。原油由对流室炉管进入辐射室炉管，在辐射室内，燃烧器喷出的火焰主要以辐射方式将热量的一部分辐射到炉管外表面，另一部分辐射到敷设炉管的炉墙上，炉墙再次以辐射方式将热辐射到背火面一侧的炉管外表面上。这两部分辐射热共同作用，使炉管外表面升温并与管壁内表面形成了温差，热以传导方式流向管内壁，管内流动的原油又以对流方式不断从管内壁获得热量，实现了加热原油的工艺要求。
加热炉加热能力的大小取决于火焰的强弱程度（炉膛温度）、炉管表面积和总传热系数的大小。火焰愈强，则炉膛温度愈高，炉膛与油流之间的温差越大，传热量越大；火焰与烟气接触的炉管面积越大，则传热量越多；炉管的导热性能越好，炉膛结构越合理，传热量也愈多。火焰的强弱可用控制火嘴的方法调节。但对一定结构的炉子来说，在正常操作条件下炉膛温度达到某一值后就不再上升。炉管表面的总传热系数对一台炉子来说是一定的，所以每台炉子的加热能力有一定的范围。在实际使用中，火焰燃烧不好和炉管结焦等都会影响加热炉的加热能力，所以要注意控制燃烧器使之完全燃烧，并要防止局部炉管温度过高而结焦。
二、加热炉的运行参数
炉膛温度（挡墙温度）
炉膛温度一般指烟气离开辐射室的温度，也就是烟气未进入对流室的温度或辐射室挡火
墙前的温度，是加热炉运行的重要参数。在炉膛内（辐射室）燃料燃烧产生的热量，是通过辐射和对流传给炉管的。传热量的大小与炉膛温度和管壁温度有关。原油从加热炉中获得的热量其中有以辐射传热为主。辐射换热与火焰的绝对温度的四次方成正比，因此，在高温区中，辐射受热面的吸热效果要比对流受热面的效果好，吸收同样数量的热量，辐射换热所需的受热面积即金属消耗量要比对流换热的少。设计时选取的炉膛温度值决定着加热炉辐射受热面及对流受热面之间的吸热量比例。炉膛温度高，辐射室传热量就大，所以炉膛温度能比较灵敏地反映炉出口温度。但是从运行角度考虑，炉膛温度过高，辐射室炉管热强度过大，有可能导致辐射管局部过热结焦同时进入对流室的烟气温度也过高，对流室炉管也易被烧坏，使排烟温度过高，加热炉热效率下降。所以炉膛温度是保证加热炉长期安全运行的指标。在输油加热炉中炉膛温度最高不超过&。
排烟温度
排烟温度是烟气离开加热炉最后一组对流受热面进入烟囱的温度。排烟温度不应过高，否则热损失大。在操作时应控制排烟温度，在保证加热炉处于负压完全燃烧的情况下，应降低排烟温度。排烟温度的调节一般用控制进风量，即调整过剩空气系数的办法。降低排烟温度，可减少加热炉排烟热损失，提高热效率，从而节约燃料消耗量，降低加热炉运行成本。但排烟温度过低，使对流受热面末段烟气与载热质的传热温差降低，增加了受热面的金属消耗量，提高加热炉的投资费用。因此，排烟温度的选择要经过经济比较。

在选择最合理的排烟温度时，还应考虑低温腐蚀的影响。由于燃料中的硫在燃烧后可生成+，它在烟气中和水蒸气形成硫酸蒸气，当受热面壁温低于硫酸蒸气的*温度时，硫酸蒸气就会冷凝下来，腐蚀壁面金属。如受热面壁温低于烟气中水蒸气的*时，则水蒸气也会凝结在管壁上，加剧了腐蚀，并且容易引起堵灰。降低*，减少腐蚀和积灰的措施有：净化燃料油。目前国外已有应用，但能否广泛应用还值得研究。
Heating furnace operation principle and main technical parameters

A, heating furnace work principle

Liquid (gas) fuel heating furnace chamber (in) radiation temperature flue gas and burn, proce it as a heat carrier, flow convection chamber, from the chimney emitted. Stay heating oil first into the furnace convection chamber furnace tube, crude oil temperature general for 29. The furnace pipe flows by convection means mainly from the flue gas convection chamber (9), these heat gain heat and heat transfer surface concting by outside the furnace pipe to furnace tube surface, the same time again with convection means the transfer to the flow inside the canal crude oil. Crude oil by convection chamber furnace tube into the radiation room furnace tube, in radiation indoor, burner outbursts of flame mainly radiation pattern will heat radiation to part of the furnace pipe outside surface, the other part of radiation to laying the furnace pipe furnace wall, oven walls once again in radiation pattern will radiation back on one side of the furnace pipe fire surface appearance surface. The two parts together heat effect, make the furnace pipe with wall surface temperature and the temperature inside the surface formed by conction modes, heat flow pipe wall, the oil and the flow inside the canal with convection means constantly from tube wall get heat, realized the heated crude oil process requirement.

The size of the heating furnace heating ability depends on the strength of the flame of furnace temperature level (), furnace tube surface area and the size of the total heat transfer coefficient. Flame furnace temperature, the better the higher temperature between the chamber and overflows, the greater the greater the heat; Flame and smoke contact the furnace pipe area, the more the heat; Furnace tube heat conction performance better, more reasonable, preaching chamber structure more calories. The strength of the fire control of fire the mouth the method can adjust. But for certain structure for the stove, in normal operation condition of furnace temperature up to a certain value rise after will no longer. The furnace pipe the total heat transfer coefficient of surface of a stove, so it is certain the heating ability per stove has certain scope. In actual use, the flame is bad and furnace tube coked etc will affect the reheating furnace heating ability, so attention should be paid to control the burner to complete combustion, and to prevent local furnace tube temperature exorbitant and coked.

Second, heating furnace operation parameters

Retaining wall temperature of furnace temperature ()

Generally refers to a flue gas furnace temperature, the temperature from radiation chamber is not enter convection chamber of flue gas temperature or radiation room block fire

Wall temperature, is the important parameters of heating furnace operation. The chamber of a stove or furnace (radiation room) fuel combustion heat generation, it is through radiation and convection to furnace tube. The size of the heat pipe furnace temperature and the temperature with relevant. Oil obtained from heating furnace with radiation heat transfer heat one to give priority to. Radiation heat transfer and the absolute temperature of flame four times, therefore, is proportional to the square in the drier, radiation heating effect of heating collector than convection the effect is good, absorb the same amount of heat, radiant heat the heated area namely metals needed than the convective heat consumption, the less. When the design selection of hearth furnace temperature decides the heating heating radiation and the heat convection between ratio. High temperature in the furnace, radiation room is big, so the heat of furnace temperature can compare to reflect the furnace exit temperature sensitive. But from running Angle consideration, of furnace temperature is exorbitant, radiation room furnace tube heat intensity, may cause excessive radiation tube local overheating coked also into the flue gas temperature is convection chamber exorbitant, convection chamber furnace tube also easy to be burnt out, make smoke temperature is exorbitant, reheating furnace thermal efficiency drops. So is the guarantee of furnace temperature of heating furnace and long-term safety operation index. In oil heating furnace chamber temperature is highest do not exceed &.

Exhaust temperature

Exhaust temperature is the smoke from the last group of convection heating furnace temperature into the chimney. Exhaust temperature should not exorbitant, otherwise the heat loss. During operation should be controlled in ensuring the exhaust temperature, heating in negative pressure under the condition of complete combustion, should rece exhaust temperature. Exhaust temperature regulation general use control volume, namely adjustment in excess air coefficient method. Rece exhaust temperature, can rece reheating furnace smoke heat loss, improve thermal efficiency, thus saving fuel consumption, lower heating furnace operation cost. But exhaust temperature too low, make convection heat heating with terminal flue gas temperature is reced, the heat transfer increased consumption and raise the metal heating furnace cost. Therefore, exhaust temperature choice should pass economic comparison.

In selecting the most reasonable exhaust temperature, still should consider the influence of corrosion at low temperature. Because of the sulfur in burning fuel, it can generate + in flue gas and water vapor form sulfuric steam, when heated side wall temperature below the dew point temperature sulfuric acid steam condensation, sulfuric acid steam will come down, the corrosion wall metal. Heated side wall temperature below the dew point in smoke when water vapor, the vapor will also condensed in wall, increased the corrosion, and easy to attract plugging ash. Rece dew point corrosion and sulphuric acid, rece the measures are: purification fuel oil. At present foreign applications, but can have wide application still is worth studying.