如何使用Python实现多进程编程

发布网友发布时间：2022-04-24 07:56

共1个回答

热心网友时间：2022-05-10 05:01

1. Process
创建进程的类：Process([group [, target [, name [, args [, kwargs]]]]])，target表示调用对象，args表示调用对象的位置参数元组。kwargs表示调用对象的字典。name为别名。group实质上不使用。
方法：is_alive()、join([timeout])、run()、start()、terminate()。其中，Process以start()启动某个进程。
属性：authkey、daemon（要通过start()设置）、exitcode(进程在运行时为None、如果为–N，表示被信号N结束）、name、pid。其中daemon是父进程终止后自动终止，且自己不能产生新进程，必须在start()之前设置。

例1.1：创建函数并将其作为单个进程
import multiprocessing
import time

def worker(interval):
    n = 5
    while n > 0:
        print("The time is {0}".format(time.ctime()))
        time.sleep(interval)
        n -= 1

if __name__ == "__main__":
    p = multiprocessing.Process(target = worker, args = (3,))
    p.start()
    print "p.pid:", p.pid
    print "p.name:", p.name
    print "p.is_alive:", p.is_alive()
结果
12345678    p.pid: 8736p.name: Process-1p.is_alive: TrueThe time is Tue Apr 21 20:55:12 2015The time is Tue Apr 21 20:55:15 2015The time is Tue Apr 21 20:55:18 2015The time is Tue Apr 21 20:55:21 2015The time is Tue Apr 21 20:55:24 2015

例1.2：创建函数并将其作为多个进程
import multiprocessing
import time

def worker_1(interval):
    print "worker_1"
    time.sleep(interval)
    print "end worker_1"

def worker_2(interval):
    print "worker_2"
    time.sleep(interval)
    print "end worker_2"

def worker_3(interval):
    print "worker_3"
    time.sleep(interval)
    print "end worker_3"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    p1 = multiprocessing.Process(target = worker_1, args = (2,))
    p2 = multiprocessing.Process(target = worker_2, args = (3,))
    p3 = multiprocessing.Process(target = worker_3, args = (4,))

    p1.start()
    p2.start()
    p3.start()

    print("The number of CPU is:" + str(multiprocessing.cpu_count()))
    for p in multiprocessing.active_children():
        print("child   p.name:" + p.name + "\tp.id" + str(p.pid))
    print "END!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
结果
1234567891011    The number of CPU is:4child   p.name:Process-3    p.id7992child   p.name:Process-2    p.id4204child   p.name:Process-1    p.id6380END!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!worker_1worker_3worker_2end worker_1end worker_2end worker_3

例1.3：将进程定义为类
import multiprocessing
import time

class ClockProcess(multiprocessing.Process):
    def __init__(self, interval):
        multiprocessing.Process.__init__(self)
        self.interval = interval

    def run(self):
        n = 5
        while n > 0:
            print("the time is {0}".format(time.ctime()))
            time.sleep(self.interval)
            n -= 1

if __name__ == '__main__':
    p = ClockProcess(3)
    p.start()
注：进程p调用start()时，自动调用run()
结果
12345    the time is Tue Apr 21 20:31:30 2015the time is Tue Apr 21 20:31:33 2015the time is Tue Apr 21 20:31:36 2015the time is Tue Apr 21 20:31:39 2015the time is Tue Apr 21 20:31:42 2015