Android创建数据库需要做哪些事情
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发布时间:2022-04-22 01:35
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热心网友
时间:2022-04-14 14:23
创建一个类继承数据库帮助类,在其中写数据库创建,更新方法
热心网友
时间:2022-04-14 15:41
首先:使用Eclipse创建一个Android项目,取名为Database
操作数据库的最佳实践是创建一个辅助类,由它封装所有对数据库的复杂访问,对于调用代码而言它是透明的,因此我创建了一个
DBAdapter
的辅助类,由它创建、打开、关闭和使用SQLite数据库。
首先,在src/文件夹
(
在这个例子中是
src/net.learn2develop.Database)下添加一个DBAdapter.java文件。
在DBAdapter.java文件中,导入所有你要使用到的命名空间:
package net.learn2develop.Databases;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.
database
.
Cursor
;
import android.
database
.SQLException;
import android.
database
.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.
database
.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.
Log
;
public
class DBAdapter
{
}
.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.
database
.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.
Log
;
public
class DBAdapter
{
}
接下来创建一个数据库,取名为bookstitles在DBAdapter.java文件中,定义清单1中的常量。清单1 定义DBAdapter.java文件中的常量
package net.learn2develop.
Database
;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.
database
.
Cursor
;
import android.
database
.SQLException;
import android.
database
.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.
database
.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log; public class DBAdapter {
public static final String KEY_ROWID = "_id"; public static final String KEY_ISBN = "isbn"; public static final String KEY_TITLE = "title";
public static final String KEY_PUBLISHER = "publisher"; private static final String TAG = "DBAdapter"; private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "books"; private static final String DATABASE_TABLE = "titles"; private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1; private static final String DATABASE_CREATE =
"create table titles (_id integer primary key autoincrement, " + "isbn text not null, title text not null, " + "publisher text not null);"; private final Context context; }
DATABASE_CREATE常量包括创建titles表的SQL语句。
在DBAdapter类中,你可以扩展SQLiteOpenHelper类,它是一个Android辅助类,主要用于数据库创建和版本管理。实际上,你可以覆盖onCreate()和onUpgrade()方法,如清单2所示。
清单2 在DBAdapter类中,扩展SQLiteOpenHelper类覆盖onCreate() 和 onUpgrade()方法
package net.learn2develop.Database; import android.content.ContentValues; import android.content.Context; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; import android.util.Log; public class DBAdapter {
public static final String KEY_ROWID = "_id";
public static final String KEY_ISBN = "isbn";
public static final String KEY_TITLE = "title";
public static final String KEY_PUBLISHER = "publisher";
private static final String TAG = "DBAdapter";
private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "books";
private static final String DATABASE_TABLE = "titles";
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
private static final String DATABASE_CREATE =
"create table titles (_id integer primary key autoincrement, "
+ "isbn text not null, title text not null, "
+ "publisher text not null);";
private final Context context;
private DatabaseHelper DBHelper;
private SQLiteDatabase db;
public DBAdapter(Context ctx)
{
this.context = ctx;
DBHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
}
private static class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper
{
DatabaseHelper(Context context)
{
super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db)
{
db.execSQL(DATABASE_CREATE);
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion,
int newVersion)
{
Log.w(TAG, "Upgrading database from version " + oldVersion
+ " to "
+ newVersion + ", which will destroy all old data");
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS titles");
onCreate(db);
}
}
}
onCreate()方法创建一个新的数据库,onUpgrade()方法用于升级数据库,这可以通过检查DATABASE_VERSION常量定义的值来实现,对于onUpgrade()方法而言,只不过是简单地删除表,然后在创建表而已。
现在你可以定义不同的方法来打开和关闭数据库,如清单3中的添加/编辑/删除/行的函数。
清单3 定义打开和关闭数据库以及增加/编辑/删除表中行的方法
public class DBAdapter
{
//...
//...
//---打开数据库---
public DBAdapter open() throws SQLException
{
db = DBHelper.getWritableDatabase();
return this;
}
//---关闭数据库---
public void close()
{
DBHelper.close();
}
//---向数据库插入一个标题---
public long insertTitle(String isbn, String title, String publisher)
{
ContentValues initialValues = new ContentValues();
initialValues.put(KEY_ISBN, isbn);
initialValues.put(KEY_TITLE, title);
initialValues.put(KEY_PUBLISHER, publisher);
return db.insert(DATABASE_TABLE, null, initialValues);
}
//---删除一个指定的标题---
public boolean deleteTitle(long rowId)
{
return db.delete(DATABASE_TABLE, KEY_ROWID + "=" + rowId, null) > 0;
}
//---检索所有标题---
public Cursor getAllTitles()
{
return db.query(DATABASE_TABLE, new String[] {
KEY_ROWID,
KEY_ISBN,
KEY_TITLE,
KEY_PUBLISHER},
null,
null,
null,
null,
null);
}
//---检索一个指定的标题---
public Cursor getTitle(long rowId) throws SQLException
{
Cursor mCursor =
db.query(true, DATABASE_TABLE, new String[] {
KEY_ROWID,
KEY_ISBN,
KEY_TITLE,
KEY_PUBLISHER
},
KEY_ROWID + "=" + rowId,
null,
null,
null,
null,
null);
if (mCursor != null) {
mCursor.moveToFirst();
}
return mCursor;
}
//---更新一个标题---
public boolean updateTitle(long rowId, String isbn,
String title, String publisher)
{
ContentValues args = new ContentValues();
args.put(KEY_ISBN, isbn);
args.put(KEY_TITLE, title);
args.put(KEY_PUBLISHER, publisher);
return db.update(DATABASE_TABLE, args,
KEY_ROWID + "=" + rowId, null) > 0;
}
}
注意Android使用Cursor类返回一个需要的值,Cursor作为一个指针从数据库查询返回结果集,使用Cursor允许Android更有效地管理它们需要的行和列,你使用ContentValues对象存储键/值对,它的put()方法允许你插入不同数据类型的键值。
清单4显示了完整的DBAdapter.java源代码。
清单4 DBAdapter.java完整源代码
package net.learn2develop.Database;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;
public class DBAdapter
{
public static final String KEY_ROWID = "_id";
public static final String KEY_ISBN = "isbn";
public static final String KEY_TITLE = "title";
public static final String KEY_PUBLISHER = "publisher";
private static final String TAG = "DBAdapter";
private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "books";
private static final String DATABASE_TABLE = "titles";
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
private static final String DATABASE_CREATE =
"create table titles (_id integer primary key autoincrement, "
+ "isbn text not null, title text not null, "
+ "publisher text not null);";
private final Context context;
private DatabaseHelper DBHelper;
private SQLiteDatabase db;
public DBAdapter(Context ctx)
{
this.context = ctx;
DBHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
}
private static class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper
{
DatabaseHelper(Context context)
{
super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db)
{
db.execSQL(DATABASE_CREATE);
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion,
int newVersion)
{
Log.w(TAG, "Upgrading database from version " + oldVersion
+ " to "
+ newVersion + ", which will destroy all old data");
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS titles");
onCreate(db);
}
}
//---打开数据库---
public DBAdapter open() throws SQLException
{
db = DBHelper.getWritableDatabase();
return this;
}
//---关闭数据库---
public void close()
{
DBHelper.close();
}
//---向数据库中插入一个标题---
public long insertTitle(String isbn, String title, String publisher)
{
ContentValues initialValues = new ContentValues();
initialValues.put(KEY_ISBN, isbn);
initialValues.put(KEY_TITLE, title);
initialValues.put(KEY_PUBLISHER, publisher);
return db.insert(DATABASE_TABLE, null, initialValues);
}
//---删除一个指定标题---
public boolean deleteTitle(long rowId)
{
return db.delete(DATABASE_TABLE, KEY_ROWID +
"=" + rowId, null) > 0;
}
//---检索所有标题---
public Cursor getAllTitles()
{
return db.query(DATABASE_TABLE, new String[] {
KEY_ROWID,
KEY_ISBN,
KEY_TITLE,
KEY_PUBLISHER},
null,
null,
null,
null,
null);
}
//---检索一个指定标题---
public Cursor getTitle(long rowId) throws SQLException
{
Cursor mCursor =
db.query(true, DATABASE_TABLE, new String[] {
KEY_ROWID,
KEY_ISBN,
KEY_TITLE,
KEY_PUBLISHER
},
KEY_ROWID + "=" + rowId,
null,
null,
null,
null,
null);
if (mCursor != null) {
mCursor.moveToFirst();
}
return mCursor;
}
//---更新一个标题---
public boolean updateTitle(long rowId, String isbn,
String title, String publisher)
{
ContentValues args = new ContentValues();
args.put(KEY_ISBN, isbn);
args.put(KEY_TITLE, title);
args.put(KEY_PUBLISHER, publisher);
return db.update(DATABASE_TABLE, args,
KEY_ROWID + "=" + rowId, null) > 0;
}
}