关于中国传统乐器的分类简介请您帮忙用英语翻译一下
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发布时间：2024-10-08 08:27
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热心网友
时间：2024-10-25 11:11
China boasts a rich heritage of musical instruments, categorized into bowed, plucked, wind, and percussion families. Here's an overview of these instruments:
Bowed Instruments:
1. Erhu (二胡) - A two-stringed violin with metal strings, tuned a fifth apart, typically in the keys of D and A, or occasionally C and G. It's also known as nanju by Cantonese and Taiwanese.
2. Jinghu (京胡) - A two-stringed violin used in Beijing Opera, an octave above the erhu's pitch. The soundbox is bamboo, and the strings are usually metal, though silk strings were traditionally used.
3. Gaohu (高胡) - A soprano version of the erhu, tuned a fourth higher, with metal strings tuned a fifth apart.
4. Zhonghu (中胡) - A deeper "viola" version of the erhu, with metal strings tuned in fifths, usually a fourth or fifth lower than the erhu.
5. Gehu (革胡) - A deeper "cello" version of the erhu, with metal strings tuned a fifth apart, including the Beijing Opera's big gehu, which has four strings.
6. Sihu (四胡) - A member of the erhu family with four strings tuned in fifth and fourth intervals, typically to C-G-C-G or D-A-D-A, producing a sound similar to the human voice.
7. Dalei (大擂) - An erhu-type instrument with a copper soundbox, tuned lower than the erhu, also resembling the human voice, with two metal strings tuned a fifth apart.
8. Banhu (板胡) - A loud erhu-type instrument made of coconut, with two metal strings tuned in fifth intervals.
9. Nanju (南胡) - The Cantonese opera erhu, with two metal strings tuned a fifth apart.
10. Matouqin (马头琴) - A Mongolian bowed instrument with a horse-head carving on the tuning pegs, nylon or metal strings, and traditionally horsehair strings, tuned a fifth apart. It comes in three sizes, similar to Western violins, violas, and cellos.
Plucked Instruments:
1. Pipa (琵琶) - A four-stringed fretted lute with metal strings, occasionally silk, tuned G-C-D-G or A-D-E-A.
2. Liuqin (柳琴) - The small pipa, a Chinese fretted lute, with three or four metal strings, tuned G-D-G or G-D-G-D; four-stringed models can be tuned like a Western violin.
3. Yueqin (月琴) - A banjo-like fretted instrument used in Beijing Opera, with three or four metal strings, tuned A-D-A, G-C-G, D-A-D, or C-G-C.
4. Ruan (阮) - Resembling the yueqin, with a hollow soundbox and a longer neck, three or four metal strings, and fretted. Xiaoruan (小阮) has three strings tuned D-A-D or four strings tuned D-A-D-A. Zhongruan (中阮) has four strings tuned D-A-D-A or G-D-G-D, or tuned like the Western cello C-G-D-A, and is usually bowed.
5. Sanxian (三弦) - An unfretted lute with three metal or gut strings, tuned C-G-C, commonly played in Japan and Okinawa.
6. Yangqin (扬琴) - The hammered dulcimer, known as the "Butterfly Harp."
7. Guqin (古琴) - The ancient seven-string Chinese zither with metal strings wrapped in nylon, played by sliding the fingernail up the strings. It originally had five strings and was called qin, meaning "instrument" or "stringed instrument"; gu means "ancient."
8. Guzheng (古筝) - The Chinese zither/harp with 16 to 25 strings and a moveable bridge, including the 18-string and older 16-string versions with metal strings and the 21 to 25-string versions with wire strings.
9. Konghou (箜篌) - The vertical guzheng, the Chinese zither/harp, somewhat like a Western harp, with four pedals, typically five or six octaves, metal strings in the lower section, and sometimes metal strings in the higher section.
10. Se (瑟) - The ancient 50-string zither with a moveable bridge, no longer played. It may have been the forerunner of the guzheng.
11. Hudie Zheng (蝴蝶筝) - A recent invention resembling two guzhengs combined, sometimes called the "butterfly guzheng," with metal strings and some high strings as metal.
12. Khomuz (口弦琴) - The Mongolian jaw harp with one or two metal reeds, played by holding it in the mouth and changing the tones with the mouth cavity.
13. Duxianqin (独弦琴) - An ancient one-string instrument with a metal string supported by a wood bow, played by plucking the string and bending the wood bow.
Wind Instruments:
1. Xun (埙) - A clay wind instrument with eleven holes, revived in the early 1970s and gained popularity again in 1998.
2. Dizi (笛子) - The horizontal side-blown bamboo flute.
3. Xiao (箫) - The vertical bamboo flute.
4. Paixiao (排箫) - Chinese pan-pipes.
5. Sheng (笙) - The bamboo mouth organ, blown both in and out, the ancient ancestor of the Western harmonica.
6. Hulusi (葫芦丝) - Made of bamboo or other plants like straw grass, played like a mouth organ, blown both in and out.
7. Bawu (巴乌) - The small and deeper sounding bamboo flute.
8. Guanzi (管子) - The short cylindrical-bore oboe-type older flute, made of wood.
9. Suona (唢呐) - The Chinese trumpet, specialized into gaoyinsuona, zhongyinsuona, and diyinsuona for soprano, lower, and bass tones, respectively.
热心网友
时间：2024-10-25 11:12
China boasts a rich heritage of musical instruments, categorized into bowed, plucked, wind, and percussion families. Here's an overview of these instruments:
Bowed Instruments:
1. Erhu (二胡) - A two-stringed violin with metal strings, tuned a fifth apart, typically in the keys of D and A, or occasionally C and G. It's also known as nanju by Cantonese and Taiwanese.
2. Jinghu (京胡) - A two-stringed violin used in Beijing Opera, an octave above the erhu's pitch. The soundbox is bamboo, and the strings are usually metal, though silk strings were traditionally used.
3. Gaohu (高胡) - A soprano version of the erhu, tuned a fourth higher, with metal strings tuned a fifth apart.
4. Zhonghu (中胡) - A deeper "viola" version of the erhu, with metal strings tuned in fifths, usually a fourth or fifth lower than the erhu.
5. Gehu (革胡) - A deeper "cello" version of the erhu, with metal strings tuned a fifth apart, including the Beijing Opera's big gehu, which has four strings.
6. Sihu (四胡) - A member of the erhu family with four strings tuned in fifth and fourth intervals, typically to C-G-C-G or D-A-D-A, producing a sound similar to the human voice.
7. Dalei (大擂) - An erhu-type instrument with a copper soundbox, tuned lower than the erhu, also resembling the human voice, with two metal strings tuned a fifth apart.
8. Banhu (板胡) - A loud erhu-type instrument made of coconut, with two metal strings tuned in fifth intervals.
9. Nanju (南胡) - The Cantonese opera erhu, with two metal strings tuned a fifth apart.
10. Matouqin (马头琴) - A Mongolian bowed instrument with a horse-head carving on the tuning pegs, nylon or metal strings, and traditionally horsehair strings, tuned a fifth apart. It comes in three sizes, similar to Western violins, violas, and cellos.
Plucked Instruments:
1. Pipa (琵琶) - A four-stringed fretted lute with metal strings, occasionally silk, tuned G-C-D-G or A-D-E-A.
2. Liuqin (柳琴) - The small pipa, a Chinese fretted lute, with three or four metal strings, tuned G-D-G or G-D-G-D; four-stringed models can be tuned like a Western violin.
3. Yueqin (月琴) - A banjo-like fretted instrument used in Beijing Opera, with three or four metal strings, tuned A-D-A, G-C-G, D-A-D, or C-G-C.
4. Ruan (阮) - Resembling the yueqin, with a hollow soundbox and a longer neck, three or four metal strings, and fretted. Xiaoruan (小阮) has three strings tuned D-A-D or four strings tuned D-A-D-A. Zhongruan (中阮) has four strings tuned D-A-D-A or G-D-G-D, or tuned like the Western cello C-G-D-A, and is usually bowed.
5. Sanxian (三弦) - An unfretted lute with three metal or gut strings, tuned C-G-C, commonly played in Japan and Okinawa.
6. Yangqin (扬琴) - The hammered dulcimer, known as the "Butterfly Harp."
7. Guqin (古琴) - The ancient seven-string Chinese zither with metal strings wrapped in nylon, played by sliding the fingernail up the strings. It originally had five strings and was called qin, meaning "instrument" or "stringed instrument"; gu means "ancient."
8. Guzheng (古筝) - The Chinese zither/harp with 16 to 25 strings and a moveable bridge, including the 18-string and older 16-string versions with metal strings and the 21 to 25-string versions with wire strings.
9. Konghou (箜篌) - The vertical guzheng, the Chinese zither/harp, somewhat like a Western harp, with four pedals, typically five or six octaves, metal strings in the lower section, and sometimes metal strings in the higher section.
10. Se (瑟) - The ancient 50-string zither with a moveable bridge, no longer played. It may have been the forerunner of the guzheng.
11. Hudie Zheng (蝴蝶筝) - A recent invention resembling two guzhengs combined, sometimes called the "butterfly guzheng," with metal strings and some high strings as metal.
12. Khomuz (口弦琴) - The Mongolian jaw harp with one or two metal reeds, played by holding it in the mouth and changing the tones with the mouth cavity.
13. Duxianqin (独弦琴) - An ancient one-string instrument with a metal string supported by a wood bow, played by plucking the string and bending the wood bow.
Wind Instruments:
1. Xun (埙) - A clay wind instrument with eleven holes, revived in the early 1970s and gained popularity again in 1998.
2. Dizi (笛子) - The horizontal side-blown bamboo flute.
3. Xiao (箫) - The vertical bamboo flute.
4. Paixiao (排箫) - Chinese pan-pipes.
5. Sheng (笙) - The bamboo mouth organ, blown both in and out, the ancient ancestor of the Western harmonica.
6. Hulusi (葫芦丝) - Made of bamboo or other plants like straw grass, played like a mouth organ, blown both in and out.
7. Bawu (巴乌) - The small and deeper sounding bamboo flute.
8. Guanzi (管子) - The short cylindrical-bore oboe-type older flute, made of wood.
9. Suona (唢呐) - The Chinese trumpet, specialized into gaoyinsuona, zhongyinsuona, and diyinsuona for soprano, lower, and bass tones, respectively.
