英语-并列句
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发布时间：2024-09-17 08:03
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时间：2024-10-04 09:31
要点精讲1：并列连词and用于连接两个或多个动词、名词、形容词、副词、动名词或介词短语等，构成“A and B”, “A, B and C”结构。这一语法点在语法填空、短文改错中经常被考查，需引起重视。
例1：Tony was scared and began to cry.
例2：A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.
例3：The fruits are small in size, but juicy and tasty.
要点精讲2：并列连词and用于“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构，表示顺承关系。有时祈使句省略动词，变为“名词短语+and+陈述句”。
例4：Stand over there and you will see the oil painting better.
例5：A bit more effort and you will make great progress.
例6：Don’t drive too fast or you will have an accident.
要点精讲3：both…and…表示“不但……而且……”。not only…but (also)…表示“不但……而且……”，also可省略。注意连接并列主语时，谓语遵循就近一致；若not only…but (also)…连接两个并列分句且not only位于句首，前一分句部分倒装后一分句不倒装，即“前倒后不倒”。
例7：A frog can live both on land and in water.
例8：Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.
例9：Not only did we write to her but also we telegraphed her.
二、转折关系
要点精讲1：连词but, yet连接两个分句，前后句在逻辑上构成转折关系。注意although, although, as引导的倒装句不能与but连用。
例10：The composition is all right, but there is room for improvement.
例11：Though the composition is all right, there is room for improvement.
例12：The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
要点精讲2：while/whereas还可以位于句中，表示前后对比，意为“不过，但是”，whereas比较正式。
例13：I like black coffee while he prefers it with milk.
例14：Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not.
三、选择关系
要点精讲：or, either...or..., not...but.., neither…nor…引导并列句，前后两个分句为选择关系。
例15：But the river wasn't changed in a few days or even a few months.
例16：Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.
例17：The main problem is not that the water is too hot, but that it is not clean.
四、因果关系
for, so表因果关系，for连接的分句一般不放在句首。
例18：I apologized to her, for I had wronged her.
五、when并列句
when可用作并列连词，相当于 and at this// that time，意为“正在这/那时；突然”，用于下列句式：
①had just done sth. when....表示“刚做完某事，这时发生另一件事”；
②was/were doing sth. when....表示“某人正在做某事，这时发生另一件事”；
③was/were about to do sth. when... 表示“某人正要做某事，这时发生另一件事”；
④was/were on the point of doing sth...when...表示“某人正要做某事, 这时发生另一件事”。
例19：Wewere having a meeting when someone broke in.
例20：Hewas about to go out when the telephone rang.
例21：Hehad just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter.
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