oregano别名

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Oregano, commonly known as土香薷 in Guizhou, 白花茵陈 in Jiangxi and Yunnan, 五香草, 暑草, 琦香, 满坡香, 满山香 in Yunnan, 小甜草, is a perennial herb or semi-shrub belonging to the mint family, specifically the Origanum vulgare L. species. It is harvested in late summer or early autumn when in full bloom, either by cutting the plant at the base or uprooting it, shaking off any soil, air-drying, and then bundling it. Its properties are considered pungent and warm. It has functions such as sweating and relieving symptoms of illness, dissipating heat and moistening, used for conditions like heat exhaustion, cold, acute gastroenteritis, abdominal pain.

It's recommended to consume in doses of 1 to 3 grams. This information is sourced from "The Comprehensive Compilation of Chinese Medicinal Herbs".

Oregano is a plant of the mint family, with a sprawling root system and leaves that are mostly ovate or long-ovate, entire or sparsely toothed. It usually has female flowers and bisexual flowers. The inflorescence is in a rounded or elongated shape, composed of multiple closely packed flowers with overlapping bracts. The flowers are arranged in an umbel-like conical inflorescence, with green or purple-bronze bracts and bracteoles. The calyx is funnel-shaped, with the inside of the throat having a white silky hair ring, 13 veins, and five teeth that are nearly triangular, sharp or blunt, and of equal size. The corolla is white or pink to purple, funnel-shaped, slightly or greatly extending beyond the calyx, with a two-lipped corolla, the upper lip erect, flat, with a concave apex, and the lower lip spreading, divided into three parts, with the central lobe being the largest. The stamens are four in number, shorter than the upper lip or slightly longer in bisexual flowers, and hidden in the case of female flowers, with ovoid anthers divided by a triangular wedge-shaped filament. The stigma projects beyond the corolla, with the two lobes being slightly notched. The anther is flat-topped. The small nut is dried, ovoid, with corners, and hairless.

There are about 15-20 species, mainly distributed from the Mediterranean to Central Asia. It's widespread in China, with the following species:

1. Oregano (Dianan Botanical), 白花茵陈, 香茹草, 琦香 (Yunnan Kunming), 乳香草, 香茹, 香薷, 满山香 (Yunnan Qujing), 苏子草, 香茹, 香薷, 玉兰至, 罗罗香, 山薄荷, 满天星 (Yunnan), 满坡香 (Guizhou Jianhe, Fanjing Mountain), 土香薷 (Guizhou Guiyang, Tongren), 地藿香 (Guizhou Dai'an), 小田草 (Guizhou), 土香薷, 香炉草, 香茹草, 接骨草 (Sichuan), 白花茵陈, 茵陈, 糯米条 (Jiangxi), 野荆芥, 随经草 (Jiangsu), 土茵陈 (Fujian), 野薄荷, 五香草, 暑草 (Shaanxi), 小叶薄荷 (Plant Real Illustration)

This plant is aromatic, with a sprawling root system and stolons with numerous, somewhat woody roots. The stem is erect or flat at the base, typically 25-60 cm tall, slightly purple, four-angled, with slightly downward or slightly coiled short hairs, numerous, arising from the root system, with reproductive branches above and sterile short branches below, and the base often without leaves. The leaves have a petiole, 2-7 mm long, with a groove on the underside, and a nearly circular back, covered with hairs, with the leaves being ovate or long-ovate, 1-4 cm long and 0.4-1.5 cm wide, blunt or slightly blunt at the apex, cordate to nearly rounded at the base, entire or with distant small saw-toothed margins, bright green above, often with a purple cast, slightly hairy and with sunken glands, and pale green below, clearly hairy and with sunken glands, with 3-5 pairs of lateral veins, not prominent on the upper surface, somewhat prominent on the lower surface; the bracteoles are mostly without a petiole, often purple. The inflorescence is an umbel-like conical inflorescence, widely spread, composed of multiple long-oval-shaped fruits, each composed of multiple closely packed small inflorescences; the bracteoles are long-oval-shaped, acute, green or purple-bronze, about 5 mm long, with parallel veins, entire. The calyx is funnel-shaped, 3 mm long, with the teeth equal in size, triangular, 0.5 mm long. The corolla is purple, light red to white, funnel-shaped, 7 mm long, the two-sexual corolla tube is significantly longer than the calyx, while the female corolla tube is shorter than the calyx, about 3 mm long, sparsely covered with short hairs on the outside, and densely covered with short hairs on the inside of the throat, with a two-lipped corolla, the upper lip erect, ovate, 1.5 mm long, with two shallow notches at the apex, and the lower lip spreading, 2 mm long, divided into three parts, with the central lobe being the largest, and the lateral lobes being smaller, both being ovoid-elliptic. The stamens are four in number, in bisexual flowers, the rear pair is shorter than the upper lip, and the front pair slightly extends beyond the corolla, while in female flowers, the front and rear pairs are nearly equal, hidden, with filiform filaments, flat, without hairs, the anther is ovoid, with two chambers, divided by a triangular wedge-shaped filament in bisexual flowers, the chambers are forked, while the filament of the degenerated stamen in female flowers is nearly parallel. The stigmas slightly project beyond the corolla, with the two lobes being slightly notched. The small nut is about 0.6 mm long, round at the apex, abruptly narrow at the base, with corners, brown, hairless. The flowering period is from July to September, and the fruiting period is from October to December.

It's native to Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, and Tibet; it grows by the roadside, on slopes, under forests, and in grasslands, at altitudes of 500-3600 meters. It's also found in Europe, Asia, and North Africa, and has been introduced to North America. The whole plant is used medicinally, preventing colds, treating heat exhaustion, cold, headache, body heaviness, diarrhea, vomiting, chest congestion, indigestion, abdominal swelling, abdominal distension due to indigestion in children, diarrhea, excessive menstruation, uterine bleeding, skin itching, and edema, with its dispersing cold and relieving symptoms of illness being more effective than peppermint. In Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan provinces, it's harvested and used as a medicinal herb. The whole plant can also be used to extract essential oil, with the fresh stem and leaves containing oil of 0.07-0.2%, and the dry stem and leaves containing oil of 0.15-4%, with the oil having a specific gravity of 0.868-0.910 at 15℃, a refractive index of -20--70℃ at 20℃, containing 2-3% alcohol (based on eucalyptol) and approximately 7% phenol (based on eugenol). Besides being used to prepare perfumes, it's also used as a flavoring agent in brewing. Additionally, it's a good source of honey.

Oregano is a polymorphic species, with many subspecies and varieties found in Europe. In China, the variations are also significant, with the leaves in Xinjiang being larger, the inflorescences being more densely packed, and the bracteoles being ovoid to nearly ovate. In Gansu, the bracteoles are extremely large, and the fruits are nearly circular, deep red. In Fujian, the calyx is nearly hairless. In Hunan, some specimens have an angular column-like inflorescence. In Taiwan and other regions outside of the Chinese mainland, the bracteoles are ovoid to long-ovate in shape, and the calyx is hairy, but it's often found that there are both female and bisexual flowers in the same plant.

organo，种 名为牛至，学名为Origanum vulgare‘Rogeukuppel’，别名为 滇香蕾，科属唇形科，牛至属。牛至全草含挥发油，主要有对一聚伞花素、香荆芥酚、麝香草酚、香叶乙酸酯等，可利尿、促进食欲、改善消化、去痰、抗菌的作用。